There is provided an analysis system configured such that a composition ratio after oxidation decomposition is unlikely to change in association with the temperature of heating of a reaction tube. In an analysis system (1) including an oxidation decomposition device (6) having an inlet (33) and an outlet (35) and configured to oxidatively decompose a sample introduced through the inlet (33) to discharge the sample through the outlet (35), the oxidation decomposition device (6) includes a reaction tube (30) having one end and the other end such that the one end is arranged on the inlet (33) side and the other end is arranged on the outlet (35) side and configured to oxidatively decompose the sample inside, a heating furnace (28) housing the reaction tube (30) therein and configured to heat the reaction tube (30), an oxidation gas supplier (36) configured to supply oxidation gas for oxidizing the sample, a makeup gas supplier (38) configured to supply makeup gas which is inert gas not influencing oxidation decomposition of the sample, and an interface (32) having a structure of introducing the oxidation gas supplied from the oxidation gas supplier (36) and the makeup gas supplied from the makeup gas supplier (38) into the reaction tube (30) together with the sample introduced through the inlet (33).

An embodiment provides a method for deriving an amount of PFAS substances from a total organic fluoride measurement in a sample, including: removing inorganic fluoride from the sample using one or more of an ion exchange cartridge and an exclusion apparatus; preconcentrating, using a solid phase extraction, at least one PFAS substance in the sample; digesting, using a working electrode and a counter electrode, the at least one PFAS substance to an amount of total organic fluoride; and determining, using an analyzer, the amount of total organic fluoride in the sample. Other aspects are described and claimed.

An apparatus and method for testing geological samples is disclosed wherein the apparatus comprising a body sized to be located over a testing location defining a cavity therein, a reservoir containing an oxidizing agent, an applicator configured to dispense a quantity of the oxidising agent from the reservoir to a sample located with or under the cavity and a sensor adapted to measure a concentration of hydrogen sulphide within the cavity. The method comprises locating the body over a sample to be tested, measuring an initial hydrogen sulfide concentration within the cavity, introducing a quantity of an oxidizing agent to the sample, measuring a second hydrogen sulfide concentration within the cavity and comparing the initial and oxidized hydrogen sulfide concentrations to indicate a potential for the presence of a desired mineral.

An embodiment provides a method for deriving an amount of PFAS substances from a total organic fluoride measurement in a sample, including: removing inorganic fluoride from the sample using one or more of an ion exchange cartridge and an exclusion apparatus; preconcentrating, using a solid phase extraction, at least one PFAS substance in the sample; digesting, using a working electrode and a counter electrode, the at least one PFAS substance to an amount of total organic fluoride; and determining, using an analyzer, the amount of total organic fluoride in the sample. Other aspects are described and claimed.

An elemental analysis device includes a first electrode and a second electrode between which a crucible MP containing a sample is nipped, and that heats the sample. The second electrode includes a second electrode main body that has a tip end having a substantially cylindrical shape, a second electrode tip, a cap that nips the second electrode tip between the cap and the second electrode main body such that a part of the second electrode tip is exposed to an outside, and a second screwing structure that includes a male thread and a female thread provided between the second electrode main body and the cap, and the second screwing structure further includes a purge groove that extends in a pitch direction and that is provided as a cutout provided to a part of crests of a thread of at least one of the male thread and the female thread.

A metal collection solution according to an embodiment contains 48 wt % or more of HNO.sub.3, 6 wt % or less of HCl, and 5 wt % or less of HF. The metal collection solution can collect noble metals and can scan on a substrate. The metal collection solution can be used to collect the noble metals adhered to a surface of the substrate.

A gas detection fuse is provided, comprising a thin strip or sheet of a conductive material, such as a metal, connecting two electrodes for detecting a gas of interest. The metal is selected to be reactive with the gas of interest, and has a relatively large surface area, such that when the gas of interest contacts the metal, the electrical connection between the electrodes is broken (e.g., due to the metal losing physical integrity, or becoming non-conductive, as a result of the reaction with the gas). The gas of interest may be chlorine, and the conducting material may be tin. When the tin is exposed to chlorine the tin becomes oxidized to produce liquid tin tetrachloride, thus breaking the electrical connection.

A total nitrogen measurement apparatus comprising an ultraviolet lamp comprising: a light emission section and a holding section for holding the light emission section, the holding section being formed of a material not including iron; a reaction vessel having a space where the light emission section is to be inserted and a sample water is to be contained around the light emission section for converting nitrogen compounds in the sample water contained in the reaction vessel into nitrate ions by oxidative decomposition using ultraviolet rays from the light emission section; and a measurement section configured to perform absorbance measurement on the sample water including the nitrate ions.

The present invention provides a photolytic converter for converting reactant molecules in a fluid sample into product molecules by photolytic dissociation with electromagnetic radiation. The converter has a reaction chamber in communication with one or more electromagnetic radiation sources, an inflow conduit for conveying the fluid sample into the reaction chamber, and an outflow conduit for conveying the fluid sample out of the reaction chamber into a receptacle, wherein at least one of the first and outflow conduits extends into the reaction chamber. The receptacle can comprise detection means for generating a signal indicative of a concentration of product molecules in the processed fluid sample.

An embodiment provides a method for deriving an alkalinity measurement, including: introducing a fluid sample; measuring, a phosphate amount of the fluid sample using a colorimetric reagent; measuring a pH of the fluid sample, wherein the pH of the fluid sample correlates to a hydroxide amount of the fluid sample; introducing an acid to convert all the inorganic carbon to carbon dioxide; applying a positive potential to the SP3 substituted carbon electrode; introducing, prior to or substantially simultaneously during the application of the positive potential to the SP3 substituted carbon electrode and in the reaction chamber, at least one acid reagent comprising a metallic catalyst that converts the carbonate and the partially oxidized species to carbon dioxide; determining total organic carbon by detecting an amount of carbon dioxide produced by the oxidation; determining the total organic carbon from the oxidation of the organic carbon species, and determining a derived alkalinity based upon the phosphate amount, the hydroxide amount, and the amount of carbon dioxide generated from the inorganic carbon. Other aspects are described and claimed.