A gas sensor system is equipped with a first gas detection unit, and a second gas detection unit. The first and second gas detection units include a gas introduction port for introducing a gas to be measured, a measurement chamber communicating with the gas introduction port, a conversion medium (NH.sub.3 oxidation catalyst) arranged between the gas introduction port and the measurement chamber, and which converts a portion of a first gas type into a second gas type, and a detection device that detects the second gas type. A ratio of diffusion resistances of the first gas detection unit and the second gas detection unit is greater than or equal to 0.71 and less than or equal to 1.4.

In order to secure a separation ability required for an oxidation catalyst such as a non-methane cutter, and to enable a sample gas to be measured accurately, this gas analyzing device is provided with a sample gas line where a sample gas flows, an analyzer that is provided in the sample gas line and that detects the concentration of a specific component contained in the sample gas, a catalyst that is arranged upstream of the analyzer in the sample gas line and that reacts with the sample gas, and a moisture concentration adjusting unit that is arranged upstream of the catalyst in the sample gas line to adjust the moisture concentration of the sample gas.

A method of determining composition of an aqueous solution is disclosed. The method includes obtaining the aqueous solution, removing oxygen from the aqueous solution, determining concentration of dissolved oxygen, removing hydrogen peroxide from the aqueous solution, and determining concentration of dissolved oxygen. The method includes calculating the difference between the concentrations of dissolved oxygen to determine concentration of hydrogen peroxide. A system for determining composition of an aqueous solution is also disclosed. The system includes a feed line connectable to a source of the aqueous solution, an oxygen removal unit, a hydrogen peroxide removal unit, and dissolved oxygen analyzers.

A method of determining composition of an aqueous solution is disclosed. The method includes obtaining the aqueous solution, removing oxygen from the aqueous solution, determining concentration of dissolved oxygen, removing hydrogen peroxide from the aqueous solution, and determining concentration of dissolved oxygen. The method includes calculating the difference between the concentrations of dissolved oxygen to determine concentration of hydrogen peroxide. A system for determining composition of an aqueous solution is also disclosed. The system includes a feed line connectable to a source of the aqueous solution, an oxygen removal unit, a hydrogen peroxide removal unit, and dissolved oxygen analyzers.

A method for testing catalysts in a fluidized bed reactor comprises enclosing catalyst material in capsules having pores or holes smaller than the catalyst material, inserting the capsules filled with catalyst material to into a port of the fluidized bed reactor and recovering at least a portion of the catalyst capsules from the fluidized bed reactor after use through an additional port of the fluidized bed reactor, wherein the capsules move with a flow of uplifted fluid and gas in the fluidized bed reactor.

A method of testing a catalyst in a reactor comprises supplying a feedstock into an upstream end of the reactor and arranging an annular basket within the reactor at a downstream position in the reactor, the annular basket having a central aperture for receiving the flow of feedstock and plurality of stacked layers separated by fluid permeable material, the plurality of stacked layers including a layer of grading material positioned upstream of a layer containing a primary catalyst to be tested for a chemical process. The grading material is adapted to filter out contaminants within the feedstock and to thereby protect the primary catalyst within the basket. Embodiments and methods can utilize layers comprising a first layer containing the primary catalyst, a second layer containing a hydrometallization catalyst and a third layer containing grading material having solid trap particles with reduced catalytic activity.

A method of determining the inertness of a material regarding the formation of heavy by-products during the reaction of propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid.

A method of determining the inertness of a material regarding the formation of heavy by-products during the reaction of propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid.

The present disclosure provides a method of determining a relative decrease in catalytic efficacy of a catalyst in a test sample of a catalyst solution with unknown catalytic activity. The method includes (a) mixing the test sample with a test solvent to form a test mixture and (b) measuring the increase in the temperature of the test mixture at predetermined time intervals immediately after forming the test mixture. A predetermined feature is used to determine both a test value in the increase in temperature measured in (b) and a control value in a known increase in temperature of a control mixture of the test solvent with a control sample of a control catalyst solution. The relative decrease in catalytic efficacy of the catalyst in the test sample having the unknown catalytic activity is then determined from: Relative Decrease in Catalytic Efficacy=Control Value−Test Value/Control Value

A process for selecting an inert material for use in monomer production regarding the formation of heavy by-products during the reaction of propylene to acrolein and acrylic acid.