A single-piece hybrid droplet generator and nozzle component for serial crystallography. The single-piece hybrid droplet generator component including an internally-formed droplet-generation channel, an internally-formed sample channel, a nozzle, and a pair of electrode chambers. The droplet-generation channel extends from a first fluid inlet opening to the nozzle. The sample channel extends from a second fluid inlet opening to the droplet-generation channel and joins the droplet-generation channel at a junction. The nozzle is configured to eject a stream of segmented aqueous droplets in a carrier fluid from the droplet-generation channel through a nozzle opening of the single-piece component. The pair of electrode chambers are positioned adjacent to the droplet-generation channel near the junction between the droplet-generation channel and the sample channel. The timing of sample droplets in the stream of fluid ejected through the nozzle is controlled by applying a triggering signal to electrodes positioned in the electrode chambers of the single-piece component.

A system and corresponding method for electron cryomicroscopy, comprising: a field-emission gun for generating an electron beam, the field-emission gun being energized, in use, to generate a 80 keV to 120 keV electron beam which is emitted into a vacuum enclosure and towards a specimen holder; the vacuum enclosure containing, at least in part: an objective lens for focusing an image of the specimen, the objective lens being disposed in the path of the electron beam and having a chromatic aberration coefficient, Cc, selected to achieve a resolution value better than a desired amount; the specimen holder for holding a specimen, the specimen holder being disposed in the path of the electron beam; a cryostage for cooling a specimen; a cryo-shield for surrounding a specimen and reducing an ice contamination rate of the specimen; and a direct electron detector comprising an array of pixels, each pixel capable of detecting an incident electron that has passed through a sample and struck the pixel.

An X-ray-based test device for a plugging removal effect of a sulfur dissolvent on a sulfur deposition rock sample includes a constant speed and pressure pump, a first intermediate container, a second intermediate container, a first pressure transmitter, a core holder, a second pressure transmitter, a first electric pump, a third intermediate container, a back-pressure valve, a gas flow meter, an H.sub.2S neutralization tank, a second electric pump, a back-pressure transmitter, a confining pressure transmitter, an X-ray generator, an X-ray detector and a thermotank. A sour gas sample is placed in the first intermediate container, and nitrogen is filled in the second intermediate container. The sulfur dissolvent is placed into the third intermediate container. A confining pressure inlet is formed in the core holder. The test device may be used for evaluating the plugging removal effect of the sulfur dissolvent injected into the sulfur deposition rock sample.

A radiation imaging apparatus includes a radiation detector configured to detect radiation and convert the detected radiation into an electrical signal relating to a radiation image, a support base having a rectangular shape and supporting the radiation detector, and a housing accommodating the radiation detector and the support base, wherein the support base includes a plurality of protrusions extending from each side of an outer edge in the rectangular shape toward an inner wall of the housing, and wherein, at an end of a first protrusion located at a corner in the rectangular shape among the plurality of protrusions, a distance to the inner wall of the housing is shorter than at an end of a second protrusion located at a position other than the corner.

A well-logging tool may include a sonde housing and a radiation generator carried by the sonde housing. The radiation generator may include a generator housing, a target carried by the generator housing, a charged particle source carried by the generator housing to direct charged particles at the target, and at least one voltage source coupled to the charged particle source. The at least one voltage source may include a voltage ladder comprising a plurality of voltage multiplication stages coupled in a uni-polar configuration, and at least one loading coil coupled at at least one intermediate position along the voltage ladder. The well-logging tool may further include at least one radiation detector carried by the sonde housing.

An X-ray device includes a C-bracket having a radiation detector rotatably mounted on the C-bracket. The radiation detector may be rotated by a motor drive. The axis of rotation is perpendicular to the detector surface. The motor drive is a torque motor that includes a stator and a rotor. The radiation detector is coupled to the rotor.

The present embodiments generally relate to methods of non-destructively imaging plant root damage by insect root herbivores and evaluating the efficacy of insecticidal materials associated with the roots of plants against the insect root herbivores, useful for automated high throughput bioassays.

An X-ray fluorescence analyzer includes: a sample stage having a mounting surface on which a sample on which a sample is mounted is mounted; an X-ray source configured to irradiate the sample with primary X-rays and disposed immediately above an irradiation position of the sample; a detector configured to detect fluorescent X-rays emitted from the sample irradiated with the primary X-rays; and a shielding container configured to accommodate the sample stage, the X-ray source, and the detector and includes: a sample chamber configured to accommodate the sample stage; and a door provided at a top of the sample chamber and configured to open and close at least a front half of the sample chamber, wherein the X-ray source and the detector are disposed at a rear half of the sample chamber.

An industrial X-ray imaging apparatus including: an X-ray source; an X-ray detector configured to detect X-rays emitted from the X-ray source; a stage which is disposed between the X-ray source and the X-ray detector and is configured to support a subject; and a shielding chamber configured to accommodate the X-ray source, the X-ray detector, and the stage, in which the shielding chamber includes a door for carrying in and out the subject, and a lock mechanism for prohibiting the door from changing to an open state, and in which the X-ray imaging apparatus further includes an unlocking control unit configured to control unlocking of the lock mechanism based on a leakage dose leaking from the shielding chamber to an outside.

A shielding mesh to counter scattered ionizing radiation is provided. The shielding mesh includes a plate, arrangement of depressions, a mesh of trenches, and an x-ray-absorbing material. The plate has a first side and a second side opposite the first side. The arrangement of depressions are in the plate and are open toward the second side. The mesh of trenches are in the plate and are open toward the first side. The x-ray-absorbing material is in the mesh of trenches. The mesh of trenches and arrangement of depressions are configured so that a wall of the plate remains between the arrangement of depressions and the mesh of trenches.