A radiation imaging apparatus includes an internal unit having a radiation detector arranged to convert a radiation that is passed through a subject into electric signals. A base plate is arranged to support the radiation detector. A case having a rectangular parallelepiped shape is arranged to accommodate the internal unit. A fitting member is interposed between an inner wall of the case and an end portion of the internal unit, and fitted to the inner wall of the case and the end portion of the internal unit in a planar view as seen from an incident direction of the radiation.

The present embodiments generally relate to methods of non-destructively imaging plant root damage by insect root herbivores and evaluating the efficacy of insecticidal materials associated with the roots of plants against the insect root herbivores, useful for automated high throughput bioassays.

An X-ray fluorescence analyzer is provided with an X-ray source for irradiating a sample with X-rays, a detector for detecting fluorescence X-rays emitted from the sample due to X-ray irradiation, and a steel sample chamber for accommodating the sample. At least a part of an inner surface of the sample chamber is coated with a layer made of aluminum derived from molten aluminum, or substantially an entire surface of the inner surface of the sample chamber is coated with the layer made of aluminum derived from molten aluminum.

An imaging type X-ray microscope capable of enlarging a numerical aperture even with high energy X-rays and acquiring a magnified image with sufficient intensity even in a laboratory. The imaging type X-ray microscope comprises an X-ray irradiation unit having a microfocal and high-power X-ray source and a condenser mirror for focusing and irradiating the emitted X-rays toward a sample, a sample holding unit for holding the sample, a reflecting mirror type X-ray lens unit for imaging X-rays transmitted through the sample, and an imaging unit for acquiring the imaged X-ray image, wherein each mirror constituting the condenser mirror and the reflecting mirror type X-ray lens unit has a reflecting surface formed with a multilayer film having a high reflectivity in X-rays of a specific wavelength.

A radiation detector includes an image generator and a case. The image generator generates a radiograph according to received radiation. The case stores the image generator and includes a first component and a second component screwed to the first component. The second component is movable with respect to the first component in a direction along a seat surface of a screw by a screw hole of the second component being formed such that a diameter is larger than a diameter of a shaft of the screw but smaller than a diameter of a head of the screw. A loosening torque that acts, in a direction to loosen the screw, on the screw when the seat surface receives a frictional force from the second component is smaller than a loosening start torque that is the loosening torque of when the screw starts to loosen.

A single-piece hybrid droplet generator and nozzle component for serial crystallography. The single-piece hybrid droplet generator component including an internally-formed droplet-generation channel, an internally-formed sample channel, a nozzle, and a pair of electrode chambers. The droplet-generation channel extends from a first fluid inlet opening to the nozzle. The sample channel extends from a second fluid inlet opening to the droplet-generation channel and joins the droplet-generation channel at a junction. The nozzle is configured to eject a stream of segmented aqueous droplets in a carrier fluid from the droplet-generation channel through a nozzle opening of the single-piece component. The pair of electrode chambers are positioned adjacent to the droplet-generation channel near the junction between the droplet-generation channel and the sample channel. The timing of sample droplets in the stream of fluid ejected through the nozzle is controlled by applying a triggering signal to electrodes positioned in the electrode chambers of the single-piece component.

Spectroscopy systems require a crystal having specific properties for analyzing a spectrum of a sample, which is typically performed for measuring the presence of one element at a time. A two-dimensional (2D) crystal mount for performing simultaneous spectroscopy measurements includes a crystal holder having multiple rows of crystal mounts. Each crystal mount is positioned and orientated to physically support a crystal at a fixed position and fixed orientation relative to an optical axis. A sample provides radiation to analyzer crystals disposed in the crystal mounts, and a detector may detect radiation reflected from the analyzer crystals, for performing multiple simultaneous spectroscopy measurements.

There is provided an X-ray product inspection apparatus and a method of controlling the X-ray product inspection apparatus. The apparatus comprises an X-ray generator comprising an aperture for outputting an X-ray beam, and a shutter apparatus arranged across the aperture. The shutter apparatus comprises a moveable shutter plate having a barrier portion of X-ray attenuating material configured to substantially block the X-ray beam; and an actuator mechanism configured to move the shutter plate between a closed position in which the barrier portion is disposed across the aperture to substantially block the X-ray beam and an open position in which the barrier portion is offset from the aperture to enable at least partial emission of the X-ray beam.

A Wien filter includes a cylindrical yoke, a plurality of magnetic poles arranged at intervals along an inner periphery of the yoke, the magnetic poles each joined at one end thereof to the yoke, a coil wound on each of the plurality of magnetic poles, and an electrode disposed at the other end of each of the plurality of magnetic poles, with an insulator between the electrode and the magnetic pole. The magnetic poles each has a recess at the other end thereof, and the insulator and the electrode may be disposed in the recess.

A device for examining a sample by X-radiation having a radiation generation system for generating primary radiation, a first goniometer arm on which the radiation generation system is mounted and which is pivotable about a goniometer axis, a detection system configured to detect secondary radiation emanating from the sample, a second goniometer arm on which the detection system is mounted and which is pivotable about the goniometer axis, and an evacuable sample chamber within which the sample is arrangeable in a sample region encompassing a portion of the goniometer axis, the sample chamber being delimited by a sample chamber wall which has a transmission region which is transmissive to the primary radiation and is vacuum-tight, in order to allow the primary radiation to penetrate into the sample chamber and to impinge on the sample region at different angles of incidence.