The present application discloses detector assembly for a charged particle assessment apparatus, the detector assembly comprising a plurality of electrode elements, each electrode element having a major surface configured to be exposed to signal particles emitted from a sample, wherein between adjacent electrode elements is a recess that is recessed relative to the major surfaces of the electrode elements, and wherein at least one of the electrode elements is a detection element configured to detect signal particles and the recess extends laterally behind the detection element. Charged particle assessment devices and apparatus, and corresponding methods are also provided.

An inspection system includes: a radiation source; a detector configured to detect a signal when radiation emitted by the radiation source acts on an inspected object; and a processor in communication connection with the radiation source and configured to select a periodic radiation combination corresponding to a type of the object according to the type of the object, and cause the radiation source to emit radiation to the object in the selected periodic radiation combination during the time that the object is scanned, and the periodic radiation combination is a chronological arrangement of radiation pulses output by the radiation source in each scanning period, and radiation pulses have at least two different radiation energies. The system is capable of improving adaptability and simplifying control. An inspection method is also provided.

The X-ray inspection apparatus includes a conveying unit configured to convey an article, an X-ray source configured to irradiate the article conveyed by the conveying unit with X-rays, an X-ray detection unit capable of detecting the X-rays by photon counting, and an inspection unit configured to inspect the article based on an output result of the X-ray detection unit, where, in a sensitivity correction of the X-ray detection unit performed when the X-ray inspection apparatus is activated, after a lapse of a predetermined period from a start of detection of X-rays, the X-ray detection unit is configured to detect X-rays not transmitting the article, and the X-ray source is configured to start X-ray irradiation during the predetermined period, and where the predetermined period is equal to or longer than a period in which irradiation of the X-ray source is stabilized.

An inspection system and method, and the system includes: a ray source; a detector assembly; and a conveying device for carrying an aviation pallet cargo. The ray source and the detector assembly are movable in a traveling direction parallel to the central axis relative to the conveying device so that the aviation pallet cargo enters an inspection region, the ray source is translatable between a plurality of scanning positions, and a translation distance of the ray source between two adjacent scanning positions is greater than a spacing between adjacent target spots of the ray source. When the ray source is located at one of the scanning positions, the ray source and the detector assembly move in the traveling direction and the ray source emits X-rays; and when the ray source and the detector assembly move a predetermined distance in the traveling direction, the ray source translates to another one of the plurality of scanning positions.

A multi-modality imaging system allows for selectable photoelectric effect and/or Compton effect detection. The camera or detector is a module with a catcher detector. Depending on the use or design, a scatter detector and/or a coded physical aperture are positioned in front of the catcher detector relative to the patient space. For low energies, emissions passing through the scatter detector continue through the coded aperture to be detected by the catcher detector using the photoelectric effect. Alternatively, the scatter detector is not provided. For higher energies, some emissions scatter at the scatter detector, and resulting emissions from the scattering pass by or through the coded aperture to be detected at the catcher detector for detection using the Compton effect. Alternatively, the coded aperture is not provided. The same module may be used to detect using both the photoelectric and Compton effects where both the scatter detector and coded aperture are provided with the catcher detector. Multiple modules may be positioned together to form a larger camera, or a module is used alone. By using modules, any number of modules may be used to fit with a multi-modality imaging system. One or more such modules may be added to another imaging system (e.g., CT or MR) for a multi-modality imaging system.

Disclosed are an X-ray transmission inspection apparatus and an inspection method using the same that are capable of preventing over-detection and erroneous detection of foreign matter even when variations in vertical position of the sample occur. The X-ray transmission inspection apparatus includes: an X-ray source (2) irradiating a sample with X-rays; a sample moving device (3) moving the sample S continuously to a predetermined direction while X-rays X are emitted from the X-ray source; a time delay integration sensor (TDI sensor) (4) provided opposed to the X-ray source based on the sample, and detecting the X-rays transmitted through the sample; a distance sensor (5) measuring a distance between the X-ray source and the sample; and a TDI controller (6) controlling the TDI sensor by changing a charge transfer speed of the TDI sensor (4) in real time based on variations in the distance measured by the distance sensor.

Systems and methods are provided for detecting gaps in composite parts. One method includes radiating a beam of x-rays in a firing direction towards surface of a multi-layer Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) part, acquiring data indicating intensity of sidescatter radiation received at an x-ray detector that extends along the CFRP part in the firing direction, and examining the acquired data for gaps at the CFRP part based on differences in intensity indicated by the data.

A flexible detector includes: a panel part including a detection panel configured to detect radiations, and first and second protection panels respectively provided at first and second surface sides of the detection panel, the panel part being configured to be deformable; a main frame part coupled to one side of the panel part; and an end frame part coupled to an end of the other side of the panel part, in which the detection panel, the first protection panel, and the second protection panel extend in a first direction.

An x-ray imaging system includes at least one detector and an x-ray source including an x-ray transmissive vacuum window. The x-ray source is configured to produce diverging x-rays emerging from the vacuum window and propagating along an x-ray propagation axis extending through a region of interest of an object to the at least one detector. The diverging x-rays have propagation paths within an angular divergence angle greater than 1 degree centered on the x-ray propagation axis. The system further includes at least one first motion stage configured to rotate the object about a rotation axis. The system further includes at least one second motion stage configured to move the x-ray source and the at least one detector relative to the object to switch between a laminography configuration and a tomography configuration.

A radiation detector includes a substrate including a first electrode portion, a radiation absorption layer disposed on one side with respect to the substrate and configured of a plurality of perovskite crystals, and a second electrode portion disposed on the one side with respect to the radiation absorption layer and being opposite to the first electrode portion with the radiation absorption layer interposed therebetween. Each of the plurality of perovskite crystals is formed to extend with a first direction in which the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion are opposite to each other as a longitudinal direction in a region between the first electrode portion and the second electrode portion in the radiation absorption layer.