The present invention provides a method for diagnosing or determining the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and for treating Alzheimer's disease with S-equol. An aspect of the present invention includes the use of a direct mitochondrial target engagement biomarker to diagnose or assess the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Another aspect of the present invention includes the use of a pharmaceutically effective amount of S-equol to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease in a subject diagnosed with or determined to be at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.

Provided herein are methods and kits for analyzing a biological sample obtained from a subject having, suspected of having, or being at risk for a disease associated with the contact activation system.

The present invention relates to a metabolic biomarker set for use in assessing breast cancer in a mammalian subject. In particular, the invention relates to a metabolic biomarker set for screening and/or diagnosing breast cancer, the metabolic biomarker set comprising at least (a) one amino acid selected from glutamine, glutamate and serine, and one lipid, or (b) glutamine and glutamate. Further, the invention relates to a metabolic biomarker set for prediction of therapeutic response to breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Further, the invention relates to a metabolic biomarker set for assessing biochemical reflection of breast cancer tumor activity. Further, the invention relates to a metabolic biomarker set for subclassification between intrinsic breast cancer tumor subtypes. Moreover, the present invention relates to a method for assessing breast cancer, which comprises obtaining a biological sample, preferably blood, from a mammalian subject and measuring in the biological sample the amount and/or ratios of metabolites. By employing the specific biomarkers and the method according to the present invention it becomes possible to more properly and reliably assess breast cancer.

The technology described herein relates to methods of detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs), e.g. by detecting changes in the expression of certain CTC marker genes. Aberrant expression of CTC marker genes, e.g. changes in expression indicative of CTCs can also be targeted in order to treat cancer.

The present invention relates to an antibody specifically binding to thioredoxin-1 and a use thereof, and more particularly, to an antibody specifically binding to thioredoxin-1 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, a nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding a heavy chain and/or a light chain of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a recombinant vector including the nucleic acid molecule, host cells, a method of preparing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a breast cancer diagnostic kit, and a method of providing information necessary for breast cancer diagnosis.

Disclosed herein are serine threonine kinase (AKT) degradation/disruption compounds including an AKT ligand, a degradation/disruption tag, and a linker, and methods of using such compounds in the treatment of AKT-mediated diseases.

The FGFR-encoding gene was studied extensively with regard to its expression, hyperamplification, mutation, translocation, or such in various cancer cells. As a result, novel fusion polypeptides in which the FGFR3 polypeptide is fused with a different polypeptide were identified and isolated from several types of bladder cancer-derived cells and lung cancer cells. The use of a fusion polypeptide of the present invention as a biomarker in FGFR inhibitor-based cancer therapy enables one to avoid side effects in cancer therapy and control the therapeutic condition to produce the best therapeutic effect, thereby enabling individualized medicine.

Disclosed is a method for determining sensitivity to a CDK4/6 inhibitor, comprising the steps of: comparing a value based on activity of at least one CDK selected from CDK4 and CDK6 in a sample collected from a subject, with a threshold level corresponding to the CDK, and determining that the subject is insensitive to the CDK4/6 inhibitor when the value based on the CDK activity is less than the threshold level.

The present invention relates to an antibody specifically binding to thioredoxin-1 and a use thereof, and more particularly, to an antibody specifically binding to thioredoxin-1 or an antigen-binding fragment thereof, a nucleic acid molecule(s) encoding a heavy chain and/or a light chain of the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a recombinant vector including the nucleic acid molecule, host cells, a method of preparing the antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof, a breast cancer diagnostic kit, and a method of providing information necessary for breast cancer diagnosis.

The FGFR-encoding gene was studied extensively with regard to its expression, hyperamplification, mutation, translocation, or such in various cancer cells. As a result, novel fusion polypeptides in which the FGFR3 polypeptide is fused with a different polypeptide were identified and isolated from several types of bladder cancer-derived cells and lung cancer cells. The use of a fusion polypeptide of the present invention as a biomarker in FGFR inhibitor-based cancer therapy enables one to avoid side effects in cancer therapy and control the therapeutic condition to produce the best therapeutic effect, thereby enabling individualized medicine.