Disclosed herein are methods of detecting the presence or absence of cancer. Also disclosed herein are methods of characterising a sample from a subject thought to be suffering cancer, as well as methods of determining the malignancy, grade, or staging of a cancer. Also disclosed herein are kits utilising the methods disclosed herein.

The present invention broadly provides different compositions, kits, vectors, and methods including monoclonal antibodies directed to epitopes found within lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and phosphatidyl-myo-inositol mannoside 6 (PIM6) for the diagnosis and treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections.

The invention involves assays, diagnostics, kits, and assay components for determining levels of glycated CD59 in the assessment of gestational diabetes mellitus and/or related disorders and/or conditions.

The invention provides antibodies that specifically bind to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine expressed by a cancer cell or an inflammatory cell. Also provided are compositions including these antibodies, as well as polynucleotides, vectors, host cells, and methods useful for production thereof. Further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing cancer in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine, optionally in combination with another anti-cancer agent. Still further provided are methods and kits for treating or preventing gastrointestinal disease in an individual by administering to the individual an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetyl-galactosamine. Yet further provided are methods and kits for detecting the presence of cancer cells in an individual including an antibody that specifically binds to an epitope containing N-acetylglucosamine and/or N-acetyl-galactosamine.

Disclosed herein are methods of detecting microbial infection in mammalian subjects comprising treatment of a sample and detection of galactofuranose (galF)-containing antigenic components utilizing monoclonal antibodies. The methods disclosed provide for pretreatment of biological samples, such as urine samples, to maximize detection of galF antigens and improvement of sensitivity of galF antigen detection assays. The methods include minimizing intelectin-1 binding to galF antigens and improvement of monoclonal antibody binding. The detection methods are useful for identifying the presence of microbial antigens related to bacterial, fungal, and parasitic pathogens, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Aspergillus species, Fusarium species, Coccidioides species, Cryptococcus species, Histoplasma species, and Leishmania species.

The present invention provides a sandwich assay for quantifying a glycoprotein, which is a substance to be detected, in a sample using a labeled lectin, wherein the effect attributed to a contaminant, namely noise on the quantified value of the substance to be detected, is suppressed by introduction of a simple treatment. The sandwich assay includes a treatment for inhibiting the binding of the labeled lectin to a sugar chain carried by the contaminant non-specifically adsorbed to the measurement region, which contaminant is contained in the sample and which sugar chain is the same as that of the substance to be detected.

The invention relates to carbohydrate ligands presenting the minimal Human Natural Killer-1 (HNK-1) epitope that bind to anti-MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein) IgM antibodies, and their use in diagnosis as well as for the treatment of anti-MAG neuropathy. In particular, the invention relates to disaccharides of formula (I) and (II) wherein Z is optionally substituted phenyl, heteroaryl, arylcarbonyl, or heteroarylmethyl, and to therapeutically acceptable polymers comprising a multitude of substitutents of formula (I) and/or formula (II), wherein Z is a bifunctional linker connecting the disaccharides to the polymer backbone. ##STR00001##

The present invention provides compositions and methods of use comprising a chimeric dengue virus E glycoprotein comprising a dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone, which comprises amino acid substitutions that introduce a dengue virus E glycoprotein epitope from a dengue virus serotype that is different from the dengue virus serotype of the dengue virus E glycoprotein backbone.

A purpose of the present invention is to provide a highly sensitive and less expensive lectin-immobilized base material (for example, a lectin plate), said lectin-immobilized base material having stable qualities and being able to be sufficiently washed after a target sugar chain-containing antigen binds thereto. Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for immobilizing lectin to a base material therefor. Provided are: a method whereby a lectin-peptide fusion, in which a peptide capable of adsorbing to a base material surface such as a PS tag is fused with the N-terminal side or C-terminal side of lectin capable of recognizing a target sugar chain, is immobilized on the peptide side to a base material; and a lectin-immobilized base material produced by this method. By using the lectin-immobilized base material, a target sugar chain-containing antigen can be highly sensitively and evenly measured and, moreover, target sugar chain-containing cells, etc. can be separated (concentrated and harvested).

Provided herein are DNA-glycan conjugates that include a glycan and a covalently attached polynucleotide. The polynucleotide includes a plurality of modules. Each module includes a nucleotide string, and the plurality of modules includes a monomer module that corresponds to each carbohydrate monomer present in the DNA-glycan conjugate, and a linkage module that corresponds to each glycosidic linkage present between each carbohydrate monomer in the DNA-glycan conjugate. The nucleotide sequence of the plurality of modules corresponds to the glycan structure. Also provided herein are methods for making and using the DNA-glycan conjugates. Further provided is a computer-implemented method for translating data from a nucleotide sequence to a glycan structure, a system for converting data from a glycan structure to a nucleotide sequence, and a system for translating data from a nucleotide sequence to a glycan structure.