The present invention relates to the field of diagnostic methods. Specifically, the present invention contemplates a method for diagnosing a cardiac disease in a subject based on determining the amounts of at least three lipid metabolite biomarkers and at least one further cardiac biomarker. The invention also relates to tools for carrying out the aforementioned methods, such as diagnostic devices.

The present invention relates to the use of neutral lipids, including triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides which may be used to increase neutral lipids (lipid stores and/or lipid droplets) and neutral lipid stores in order to regulate (in particular, induce) autophagy and treat and/or prevent autophagy related disease states and/or conditions. In one embodiment, the invention relates to the use of neutral lipids and/or TRIM proteins which may be used to regulate (in particular, induce) autophagy, target autophagic substrates and treat and/or prevent autophagic disease states and/or conditions.

A method of treatment of liver diseases and comorbid diseases is disclosed wherein an oral dose of lipids in an amount effective to trigger the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) into the duodenum to generate a major release of bile phospholipids from remodeled stores of triglycerides (TAG) in the liver, is administered to a patient in need thereof, thereby causing the formation of sequestered and aggregated mixed micelles and vesicles (SAMMVs) in the intestines of the patient which are then eliminated via the bowels of the patient.

The present application belongs to the technical field of biology. Provided is an application of lipid biomarkers in diagnosis and early warning of fatty liver in periparturient dairy cows. 20 lipid biomarkers found in the present disclosure have diagnostic values in recognizing, early warning, and diagnosing fatty liver diseases in dairy cows at corresponding disease stages. The lipid biomarkers of the present disclosure may be used for identifying and diagnosing the dairy cows with fatty liver.

In various embodiments, the present invention provides compositions and methods for treating and/or preventing cardiovascular-related diseases in subject in need thereof.

A method of treatment of liver diseases and comorbid diseases is disclosed wherein an oral dose of lipids in an amount effective to trigger the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) into the duodenum to generate a major release of bile phospholipids from remodeled stores of triglycerides (TAG) in the liver, is administered to a patient in need thereof, thereby causing the formation of sequestered and aggregated mixed micelles and vesicles (SAMMVs) in the intestines of the patient which are then eliminated via the bowels of the patient.

A method of diagnosing cancer based on lipidomic analysis of a body fluid taken from the body of a patient is disclosed. The method includes the steps of spiking of the sample with a set of internal standards having at least one internal standard for each lipid class present in the sample, subsequently processing the sample by liquid-liquid lipidomic extraction or by solid phase lipidomic extraction, measurement of the processed sample by a mass spectrometry method, determining concentrations for at least 51, more preferably for all lipids present at a level above detection threshold of the mass spectrometry method, statistical evaluation of the determined concentrations of the lipids, the statistical evaluation determining the level of probability of the patient suffering from cancer, or optionally from a specific type of cancer.

The present invention provides a method of reducing a subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a compound that increases PHLPP2 in liver cells in an amount effective to reduce the subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels.

The present invention also provides a method of reducing a subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a compound that increases free Raptor in liver cells in an amount effective to reduce the subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels.

The present invention also provides a process for determining the amount of free Raptor in a subject's liver comprising: a) obtaining a biological sample comprising liver cells of the subject; separating free Raptor and mTORC1-associated Raptor in the sample; and c) determining the amount of free Raptor in the sample.

The present invention also provides a method of reducing a subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a compound that prevents PHLPP2 degradation in liver cells in an amount effective to reduce the subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels.

The present invention also provides a method of reducing a subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride levels comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a compound that inhibits Glucagon signaling in liver cells in an amount effective to reduce the subject's hepatic and plasma triglyceride

The present disclosure relates to methods of diagnosing and treating breast cancer in a subject that include determining a level of one or more lipid biomarkers in a biological sample obtained from the subject. Systems and kits for use in such methods are also provided.

An application of a biomarker in preparing metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease classification products is provided. The biomarker is any one or more of the following: a combination of liver protein biomarkers, a combination of serum protein biomarkers, a combination of serum lipid biomarkers, a combination of serum metabolite biomarkers, a combination of serum protein, lipid and metabolite biomarkers, a combination of urine protein biomarkers, a combination of urine metabolite biomarkers, and a combination of urine protein and metabolite biomarkers; and the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is divided into a metabolically active type, a high-risk type of cirrhosis and a high-risk type of hepatocellular carcinoma. The combinations of biomarkers provided by the present disclosure have a good effect on the diagnosis of three MASLD molecular subtypes, which provides technical support for the classification and diagnosis of MASLD.