A living plant can function as self-powered auto-samplers and preconcentrators of an analyte within ambient groundwater, detectors of the analyte contained therein. For example, a pair of near infrared (IR) fluorescent sensors embedded within the mesophyll of the plant leaf can be used as detectors of the nitroaromatic molecules, with the first IR channel engineered through CoPhMoRe to recognize analyte via an IR fluorescent emission and the second IR channel including a functionalized nanostructure that acts as an invariant reference signal.

The present disclosure relates to methods and uses involving the determination of lipid concentrations in order to diagnose, predict, prevent and/or treat one or more cardiovascular events in a subject. The methods include analyzing lipid concentrations of a sample from the subject and comparing them to a control.

Provided are methods and related kits for detection of early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Also provided are methods for treating a patient susceptible, or suspected of being susceptible, to pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Aspects of the invention described herein relate to synthetic compounds that are useful for targeting and labeling tumor cells so as to facilitate recognition by binding agents including Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells (CAR T cells), which are administered to a subject by intravenous or locoregional administration. Several compositions and methods of making and using these compositions to treat or inhibit a disease in a subject are contemplated.

The present invention relates to methods for diagnosing Respiratory Distress Syndrome of newborn.

This disclosure provides a use of biomarker SM(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) in the preparation of a reagent or kit for diagnosing cognitive impairment. This disclosure also provides a method for diagnosing and treating cognitive impairment by detecting the content of biomarkers SM(d18:1/24:1(15Z)) and TG(16:0/18:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)), PC(P-16:0/22:4(7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z) or PC(P-18:0/18:4(6Z,9Z,12Z,15Z)) to determine whether the patient has cognitive impairment.

Disclosed herein are compositions and methods for diagnosing Lyme disease, including diagnosis within the first two weeks of infection. Also disclosed herein are compositions and methods for detecting and diagnosing infection by a Borrelia sp.

The present invention relates to methods of determining if a subject has an increased risk of suffering from memory impairment. The methods comprise analyzing at least one plasma sample from the subject to determine a value of the subject's metabolite profile and comparing the value of the subject's metabolite profile with the value of a normal metabolite profile. A change in the value of the subject's metabolite profile, over normal values is indicative that the subject has an increased risk of suffering from memory impairment compared to a normal individual.

Disclosed are various lipid biomarkers of inflammatory bowel disease, including biomarkers for inflammatory bowel diseases including Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative colitis. Also disclosed are various biomarkers of disease location and/or disease behavior in inflammatory bowel disease. The present disclosure also provides methods of using the biomarkers, including methods for diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease, methods of determining predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease, methods of monitoring progression/regression of inflammatory bowel disease, and methods of assessing efficacy of compositions for treating inflammatory bowel disease.

Provided are methods for increasing insulin sensitivity in subjects. In some embodiments, the method include administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising a lipid bilayer, wherein the lipid bilayer is low in total phosphatidylcholine (PC) or has been treated to reduce total PC. Also provided are methods for diagnosing insulin sensitivity and/or a metabolic-related disorders, for preferentially targeting hepatocytes, for preferentially targeting liver macrophages and/or monocytes, for inhibiting development of insulin resistance, optionally insulin resistance associated with diabetes, for restoring gut epithelial homeostasis, for enhancing expression of a Foxa2 gene product in cells, for inhibiting Akt-1-mediated inactivation of Foxa2 biological activities, for increasing expression of VAMP7, miR-375, or both in epithelial cells, for enhancing sorting of miR-375 from intestinal epithelial cells to exosomes, for inhibiting hepatic AhR expression, and for inhibiting development of obesity in subjects in need thereof.