Provided herein is technology for screening multiple types of cancer from a biological sample, and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, compositions, and related uses for simultaneously detecting the presence of multiple types of cancer (e.g., liver cancer, esophageal cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, bladder cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, prostate cancer, renal cancer, and uterine cancer) from a biological sample (e.g., stool sample, tissue sample, organ secretion sample, CSF sample, saliva sample, blood sample, plasma sample or urine sample).

Provided herein is technology for esophageal disorder screening and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, compositions, and related uses for detecting the presence of esophageal disorders (e.g., Barrett's esophagus, Barrett's esophageal dysplasia, etc.). In addition, the technology provides methods, compositions and related uses for distinguishing between Barrett's esophagus and Barrett's esophageal dysplasia, and between Barrett's esophageal low-grade dysplasia, Barrett's esophageal high-grade dysplasia, and esophageal adenocarcinoma within samples obtained through endoscopic brushing or nonendoscopic whole esophageal brushing or swabbing using a tethered device (e.g. such as a capsule sponge, balloon, or other device).

The present disclosure relates to methods of detecting histone epigenetic modifications and compositions comprising inhibitors of human histone methyltransferase EZH2 and their use for the treatment of cancer.

In certain embodiments, this application discloses methods for detecting lung cancer. The method includes characterization of cells extracted from human sputum, which is a valuable tissue surrogate and source of upper respiratory cells that become cancerous early in the process of lung cancer development. The method includes the staining of extracted cells with fluorescent reporters that produce a specific pattern in the nuclei of labeled cells, which can be made visible by light microscopy. The pattern is relevant to a type of epigenetic coding of DNA known as DNA methylation, which changes in specific cells of the lung during cancer development, in comparison to normal respiratory cells.

Bead-based assays for measuring protein biomarkers of proteolytic activity in biological systems are disclosed. In an embodiment, an assay involves incubating a sample containing multiple fragments of a naturally occurring protein with a bead array and subsequently analyzing individual reactive sites of the bead array by mass spectrometry.

In certain embodiments, this application discloses methods for detecting lung cancer. The method includes characterization of cells extracted from human sputum, which is a valuable tissue surrogate and source of upper respiratory cells that become cancerous early in 5 the process of lung cancer development. The method includes the staining of extracted cells with fluorescent reporters that produce a specific pattern in the nuclei of labeled cells, which can be made visible by light microscopy. The pattern is relevant to a type of epigenetic coding of DNA known as DNA methylation, which changes in specific cells of the lung during cancer development, in comparison to normal respiratory cells.

Disclosed are methods and agents for predicting responses to therapy. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to methods and agents for detecting different forms of Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-L1) in cancer cells, which are useful for detecting location of PD-L1 in a cellular compartment (e.g., nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane) of a cancer cell, for predicting the likelihood of response of a cancer cell to therapy including immunotherapy, for stratifying a cancer patient as a likely responder or non-responder to a therapy, for managing treatment of a cancer patient, and for predicting clinical outcomes.

The present disclosure provides methods of selectively label an amino acid residue on a peptide by replacing a post translational modification with a labeling moiety and sequencing the peptide to obtain the location of the amino acid residue and the identity of the post translational modification. In some aspects, the disclosure also provides methods of identifying the position, quantity, the identity of a post translational modification, or any combination thereof, in peptides which may be used for therapeutic purposes.

The present invention relates to the use of a histone H1 binding agent for detecting, isolating and/or purifying cell free nucleosomes of tumor origin from a biological sample. The invention also describes methods of negative or positive selection using histone H1 binding agents, in order to enrich a sample for cell free nucleosomes of tumor origin.

The present invention relates to the use of a histone H1 binding agent for detecting, isolating and/or purifying cell free nucleosomes of tumor origin from a biological sample. The invention also describes methods of negative or positive selection using histone H1 binding agents, in order to enrich a sample for cell free nucleosomes of tumor origin.