The use of differentiation marker CD89 for the detection of cellular reservoirs of a mammalian immunodeficiency virus. Also the use of the differentiation marker CD89 for making a prognosis, diagnosing a remission, and evaluating the efficacy of treatment of the mammalian immunodeficiency. A multi-specific antibody that recognizes both at least one epitope of CD89 and at least one characteristic of the lymphocyte cells, a composition including the antibody, and the use of the antibody for treatment.

Disclosed are methods and systems for building a database of metabolite profiles correlated with disease states and treatment regiments, then defining an individual patient's metabolite profile, and then screening the patient's profile against the database to recommend potential effective treatment regimens.

The invention provides methods for preventing end stage renal disease (ESRD) in subjects having a disorder associated with chronic kidney failure, such as diabetes or high blood pressure. Also included are markers (miRNAs) that may be used to identify subjects who are at risk of developing ESRD.

The present invention provides biomarkers for efficient and accurate characterization of mast cell activity-associated diseases, disorders and/or conditions. In particular, the present invention provides biomarkers expressed in mast cell activity-associated diseases, disorders and/or conditions. Those biomarkers, used alone or in combination, may permit more accurate robust characterization of mast cell activity-associated diseases, disorders and/or conditions, resulting in more precise determination of their diagnosis and treatment, and in particular, prediction of the occurrence of MS relapse.

A kit useful for determination of non-human mammal TK1 in a sample is disclosed. The kit comprises a first antibody immobilized to a support or intended to be immobilized to a support. The kit also comprises a second antibody. One of the antibodies has specificity for a peptide consisting of a first amino acid sequence from a C-terminal region of non-human mammal TK1 and the other antibody has specificity for a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence from an active site of TK1 or for a peptide consisting of a second amino acid sequence from the C-terminal region.

The invention relates to methods of treating stress-sensitive psychiatric diseases arising from trauma in a subject by enhancing ghrelin signaling in the BLA of the subject. The invention also relates to methods of reversing ghrelin resistance.

Methods to detect aerobic glycolysis that employ isotopically labelled glucose are provided.

A method for predicting risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a pregnant individual includes measuring one or more biochemical markers in a blood sample obtained from the pregnant individual to determine one or more biomarker levels, where the one or more measured biochemical markers includes at least one of PAI-2 and sTNFR1, identifying, for each of the one or more measured biochemical markers, a difference between the measured biomarker level and a corresponding predetermined control level, and, responsive to the identifying, determining a prediction corresponding to a relative risk of the pregnant individual having or developing GDM.

Methods of determining relapse in subjects having relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and predicting their response to glatiramer acetate (GA) using the biomarkers SIRT1, RGC-32, FasL and IL-21 are presented.

A diagnostically useful carrier can include a means for capturing Neurogranin, a means for capturing BACE1 and preferably a means for capturing one or more additional biomarkers. The diagnostically useful carrier can be part of a kit. The kit or the carrier can be used in contacting a sample from a subject with a means for capturing Neurogranin, isolating the means for capturing Neurogranin from the sample, contacting a sample from a subject with a means for capturing BACE1, and isolating the means for capturing BACE1 from the sample. The diagnosis aims to distinguish a neurodegenerative disease, preferably mild Alzheimer's disease, and depression with or without cognitive impairment.