An attitude estimation apparatus for estimating the attitude of a movable body includes an attitude estimation unit for estimating the roll angle of the movable body and for using a calculation process to estimate the offset error for at least one of first and second angular velocity detection units and first, second and third acceleration detection units. The attitude estimation unit includes a plurality of Kalman filters that each receive at least two or more imaginary offset quantities for a detection unit of interest, the imaginary offset quantities being different from each other. Each of the Kalman filters uses detected values from the detection units, estimated values from the previous estimation operation and the imaginary offset quantities to calculate a likelihood, which indicates how reliable the estimated values are. The attitude estimation unit weights the estimated values from the Kalman filters based on the likelihood to estimate the roll angle of the movable body.

A MEMS sensor and a manufacturing method thereof is provided: forming a lower electrode layer wherein a metal is deposited on a portion of a lower glass substrate; forming a structural layer by etching according to a pattern which is formed on an upper surface of a silicon wafer and then further etching to the same thickness as the metal which is formed on a portion of the lower electrode layer; anodic bonding the structural layer to an upper portion of the lower electrode layer formed; forming a sensing part in the structural layer by etching according to a pattern which is formed on an opposite surface of the structural layer which is not etched; and forming an upper electrode layer by depositing a metal on an upper wafer and eutectic bonding the upper electrode layer to the structural layer on which the sensing part is formed.

A MEMS sensor and a manufacturing method thereof is provided: forming a lower electrode layer wherein a metal is deposited on a portion of a lower glass substrate; forming a structural layer by etching according to a pattern which is formed on an upper surface of a silicon wafer and then further etching to the same thickness as the metal which is formed on a portion of the lower electrode layer; anodic bonding the structural layer to an upper portion of the lower electrode layer formed; forming a sensing part in the structural layer by etching according to a pattern which is formed on an opposite surface of the structural layer which is not etched; and forming an upper electrode layer by depositing a metal on an upper wafer and eutectic bonding the upper electrode layer to the structural layer on which the sensing part is formed.

Disclosed methods, systems, and storage media may track body movements and movement trajectories using internal measurement units (IMUs), where a first IMU may be attached to a first wrist of a user, a second IMU may be attached to a second wrist of the user, and a third IMU may be attached to a torso of the user. Upper body movements may be derived from sensor data produced by the three IMUs. IMUs are typically not used to detect fine levels of body movements and/or movement trajectory because most IMUs accumulate errors due to large amounts of measurement noise. Embodiments provide arm and torso movement models to which the sensor data is applied in order to derive the body movements and/or movement trajectory. Additionally, estimation errors may be mitigated using a hidden Markov Model (HMM) filter. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.

A method and an arrangement is provided for determining the location and/or speed of an object configured to move along a controlled trajectory, in connection with which object is fitted a measuring device measuring at least the magnetic field acting on the object in its different locations, which measuring device comprises a device configured to measure the magnetic field, from the measuring data received from which device a magnetic footprint describing the magnetic field acting on the object in its different locations is formed, which magnetic footprint is recorded in connection with a teaching run, or with self-learning, for later use. The location of the object after a teaching run is determined by measuring in essentially real-time in the direction of the three coordinates X, Y, Z of the magnetic field acting on the object moving along a controlled trajectory and by comparing the measurement results to a magnetic footprint recorded in advance and also by deducing as a result of the comparison the exact location of the object on its path of travel.

A method and an arrangement is provided for determining the location and/or speed of an object configured to move along a controlled trajectory, in connection with which object is fitted a measuring device measuring at least the magnetic field acting on the object in its different locations, which measuring device comprises a device configured to measure the magnetic field, from the measuring data received from which device a magnetic footprint describing the magnetic field acting on the object in its different locations is formed, which magnetic footprint is recorded in connection with a teaching run, or with self-learning, for later use. The location of the object after a teaching run is determined by measuring in essentially real-time in the direction of the three coordinates X, Y, Z of the magnetic field acting on the object moving along a controlled trajectory and by comparing the measurement results to a magnetic footprint recorded in advance and also by deducing as a result of the comparison the exact location of the object on its path of travel.

Wheel bearing unit with a wheel hub, wherein the wheel hub has an integrally formed wheel flange on one end thereof and an inner ring that is rotatable together with the wheel hub, wherein the inner ring is fastened on the wheel hub through the use of a rolling rivet connection in order to pre-tension a row of rolling elements in relation to an outer ring, and with an encoder provided on the inner ring and extending radially towards the outer ring, and with a protective cover fixed on the outer ring in order to close and seal annular openings formed between the outer ring and the wheel hub, and wherein a cylindrical section of the protective cover is pressed in and wherein a bottom section extends inwardly from the cylindrical section in a radial direction in order to cover an inner-side end of the wheel hub, wherein the cylindrical section is joined with a substance bond to the outer ring and wherein the substance-bond connection is produced through the use of a hardening fluid and wherein the fluid is held in a filling reservoir provided between the cylindrical section and the outer ring.

A wheel speed sensor driving mechanism includes a motorcycle front wheel hub axle tube having chamfered driving blocks equiangularly spaced around an inner perimeter thereof, a follower unit concentrically mounted in the motorcycle front wheel hub axle tube and having chamfered ribs equiangularly arranged around the periphery of one end of the worm wheel and a mounting groove defined between each two adjacent ribs for receiving the chamfered driving blocks. Further, the number of the ribs of the follower unit is divisible by the number of the driving blocks of the motorcycle front wheel hub axle tube.

A system for attaching electrical equipment to a metallic support and including a pin designed to be inserted through a through-housing of the metallic support and a metallic insert of the electrical equipment, and a device for insulating the metallic support, extending between the metallic support and the metallic insert. The system also includes a mechanical retention device designed to apply load to the insulating device so as to keep them in contact with the metallic support and with the metallic insert.

A system includes a shoe, a timer, a positioning component, a controlling component, a memory and a processing component. The timer establishes a time frame. The positioning component determines a first geodetic location of the shoe at a first time within the time frame and determines a second geodetic location of the shoe at a second time within the time frame. The controlling component is disposed at the shoe and generates activity data based on the first geodetic location, the second geodetic location and the time frame. The memory is disposed at the shoe and stores the activity data. The processing component retrieves the activity data from the memory and wirelessly transmits processed activity data based on the activity data. The positioning component further determines a first geodetic location total time corresponding to a total time the shoe is located at the first geodetic location within the time frame.