Disclosed is a wind speed sensor based on a flexible inductor and a silicon-based inductor, which relates to a MEMS device and belongs to the field of measurement and testing technologies. The wind speed sensor is a double-layer inductor structure composed of a flexible inductor and a silicon-based inductor. A metal layer of the flexible inductor and a metal layer of the silicon-based inductor face to each other and form, between them, an air cavity sufficient for mutual induction of electromotance. A contact block constituting a measuring port is deposited in the metal layer of the silicon-based inductor. The present invention has a light structure, and implements wind speed detection based on the Bernoulli effect and the coil mutual inductance effect.

The present disclosure discloses a multi-droplet sensing and actuation system, for use in a digital microfluidic chip operation wherein a linearly independent alternating current signal is applied to each discrete actuation electrode thus encoding the electrode's identity. The combined measured impedance signal from multiple channels is then processed to decode an impedance measurement for the volume between each discrete actuation electrode and its corresponding conductive counter electrode region, where the sensed impedance is inversely proportional to an amount of liquid within the volume.

The present disclosure discloses a multi-droplet sensing and actuation system, for use in a digital microfluidic chip operation wherein a linearly independent alternating current signal is applied to each discrete actuation electrode thus encoding the electrode's identity. The combined measured impedance signal from multiple channels is then processed to decode an impedance measurement for the volume between each discrete actuation electrode and its corresponding conductive counter electrode region, where the sensed impedance is inversely proportional to an amount of liquid within the volume.

An air data system for measuring an airspeed includes a pair of electrodes, and one or more magnets arranged relative to the pair of electrodes. The pair of electrodes includes a first electrode and a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode along a first dimension by an air gap. The one or more magnets produce a magnetic field within the air gap. The air data system further includes an electronic circuit interfacing with the pair of electrodes. The electronic circuit outputs a voltage difference measured between the pair of electrodes across the air gap. A magnitude of the voltage difference indicates a magnitude of an air stream velocity through the air gap.

A gas flow sensor includes a housing including a gas flow path, a charge generator causing aerial discharge and generating charges within the gas flow path, a charge capturing electrode capturing the charges generated within the gas flow path, and a first control unit determining information about a gas flow on the basis of a physical quantity that varies depending on a quantity of the charges captured by the charge capturing electrode.

An ultrasonic anemometer (7) as well as a method for determination of at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or a velocity of sound includes at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as a transmitter (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16) with a sound emission surface for emitting sound waves and at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as a receiver (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16) with a sound detection surface for at least partially receiving the emitted sound waves. An evaluation unit, determines at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or the velocity of sound, based on a recorded transit time, which the sound waves require on a measuring section located between the sound emission surface of the at least one transmittor and the sound detection surface of the at least one receiver to cover the distance of this measuring section. At least one measuring section is provided between a first sound emission surface of a first transmitter and a first sound detection surface of a first receiver arranged approximately vertical to the earth's surface and the first sound emission surface and/or the first sound detection surface is inclined compared to the horizontal.

An ultrasonic anemometer (7) as well as a method for determination of at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or a velocity of sound includes at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as a transmitter (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16) with a sound emission surface for emitting sound waves and at least one sound transducer at least temporarily working as a receiver (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 15, 16) with a sound detection surface for at least partially receiving the emitted sound waves. An evaluation unit, determines at least one component of a wind velocity vector and/or the velocity of sound, based on a recorded transit time, which the sound waves require on a measuring section located between the sound emission surface of the at least one transmittor and the sound detection surface of the at least one receiver to cover the distance of this measuring section. At least one measuring section is provided between a first sound emission surface of a first transmitter and a first sound detection surface of a first receiver arranged approximately vertical to the earth's surface and the first sound emission surface and/or the first sound detection surface is inclined compared to the horizontal.

A method of determining a flow rate of a predetermined emissive substance involves: (a) generating a timed sequence of images; (b) partitioning a first image of the timed sequence into a plurality of blocks of pixels; (c) selecting from the plurality of blocks a selected block having calculated therefrom a first set of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients; (d) determining that the first set meets a condition associated with a predetermined threshold such that the first block represents an intensity pattern of the predetermined emissive substance at a first time; (e) selecting a corresponding block of a second image of the timed sequence, the corresponding block having DCT coefficients correlated to the first set such that the corresponding block represents the intensity pattern at a second time different from the first time; (f) determining a velocity associated with the selected block; and (g) determining the flow rate in response to the velocity.

Embodiments described herein provide for the improved detection of target(s) in the vicinity of cluttered environments such as wind farms, and for the reduction of false alarms resulting from wind turbines and other complex structures in such environments. Maximum amplitude readings of all non-zero Doppler frequency bins are determined for each resolution cell under test during a dwell and used to determine an aggregate threshold value. In one embodiment, the aggregate threshold value and an existing threshold value are compared and the higher value applied. A tracking sample period and a transition state delay are introduced to determine when the aggregate threshold value for each resolution cell under test should be updated.

Disclosed herein is a wind measuring system including a first flow sensor and plural second flow sensors. The first flow sensor and the plural second flow sensors each include a microheater including a board, an insulating film, and a heater. The board includes a first principal surface and a second principal surface. The board has defined therein an opening portion passing through the board along a direction from the first principal surface toward the second principal surface. The insulating film includes a peripheral portion disposed on the first principal surface, a central portion having the heater disposed thereon, and a connection portion extending from the central portion to be connected to the peripheral portion to support the central portion over the opening portion. The first flow sensor and the plural second flow sensors each output a signal that varies according to a change in electrical resistance value of the heater.