A method is provided to measure a distribution of axial velocities and a flowrate in a pipe or a vessel. The method comprises selecting a single cross-section at a stable-flow segment in a pipe or a vessel, installing a plurality of acoustic wave sensors along a peripheral wall of the pipe or the vessel to form a plurality of effective sound wave paths; measuring sound wave travelling time on each sound wave path; substituting the measured sound wave travelling time data into the model formulas based on a sound path refraction principle for reconstruction calculation to obtain a distribution of axial velocity in the measured cross-section of the pipe or the vessel, u(x,y); and integrating the distribution of the axial velocity u(x,y) along the cross-section to obtain a flow rate. A system is also provided to measure an axial velocity distribution and a flow rate in a pipe.

The present disclosure provides an ultrasonic wind measurement device and an ultrasonic wind measurement method, so as to measure a wind speed and a wind direction in an environment using transmission characteristics of an ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic wind measurement device includes: an ultrasonic transducer group configured to generate ultrasonic resonance in a wind measurement cavity receiving the ultrasonic transducer group; a transmission module configured to drive any ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer group to transmit an ultrasonic wave; a transmission-reception conversion module configured to perform a link switching operation on the ultrasonic transducer group in accordance with a predetermined control command; a reception module configured to receive the ultrasonic wave; a collection module configured to acquire original data about the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave; an FPGA processing chip configured to process the original data so as to acquire time data; and a processor control module configured to acquire a current wind speed and a current wind direction through calculation in accordance with the time data. According to the present disclosure, due to a short ultrasonic transmission distance, it is able to ensure the measurement accuracy. In addition, due to a small volume, it is able to facilitate the installation of the ultrasonic wind measurement device.

The present disclosure provides an ultrasonic wind measurement device and an ultrasonic wind measurement method, so as to measure a wind speed and a wind direction in an environment using transmission characteristics of an ultrasonic wave. The ultrasonic wind measurement device includes: an ultrasonic transducer group configured to generate ultrasonic resonance in a wind measurement cavity receiving the ultrasonic transducer group; a transmission module configured to drive any ultrasonic transducer in the ultrasonic transducer group to transmit an ultrasonic wave; a transmission-reception conversion module configured to perform a link switching operation on the ultrasonic transducer group in accordance with a predetermined control command; a reception module configured to receive the ultrasonic wave; a collection module configured to acquire original data about the transmission and reception of the ultrasonic wave; an FPGA processing chip configured to process the original data so as to acquire time data; and a processor control module configured to acquire a current wind speed and a current wind direction through calculation in accordance with the time data. According to the present disclosure, due to a short ultrasonic transmission distance, it is able to ensure the measurement accuracy. In addition, due to a small volume, it is able to facilitate the installation of the ultrasonic wind measurement device.

A measurement apparatus 100 comprises a measurement unit 10 to propagate, using sensors 11 and 12 provided in a pipe 99, a measurement wave in a medium 98 flowing through the pipe and receive the measurement wave, a trigger detecting section 21 to detect whether or not a level of the received measurement wave exceeds a predetermined trigger level, and a specifying section 22 to specify a reception timing of the measurement wave based on a waveform part in a period of the received measurement wave different from a period in which the level of the received measurement wave exceeds the trigger level.

An undershot gate system controls flow of liquid through an open channel or pipe. The system includes a gate leaf adapted to be raised and lowered by a control to allow flow of liquid along the open channel or pipe. The gate leaf has a flow diverter at an end of the gate leaf to guide liquid under the gate leaf and through an opening when the gate leaf is in an open position.

The disclosure relates to a reflection unit applied to an ultrasonic anemometer and used to reflect ultrasonic waves from a transmitter, wherein the reflected ultrasonic waves are received by a receiver. The reflection unit comprises a reflection plate and further comprises a mesh cover layer structure covering on the upper surface of the reflection plate. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the mesh cover layer is provided on the reflection plate, so that the raindrops/water droplets falling on the reflection unit can be quickly scattered on the surface of the reflection unit, thereby eliminating the irregular shape and high liquid accumulation formed on the surface of the reflection unit, ensuring the accuracy of ultrasonic anemometer measurements in wind and rain conditions.

This invention relates to a method of improving performance of a SODAR system adapted to locate discontinuities in the atmosphere by transmitting pulse compression signals such as a plurality of acoustic chirps, the method comprising: transmitting one or more acoustic chirps; receiving one or more acoustic echoes of the transmitted chirps; processing the acoustic echoes to provide an indication of the discontinuities in the atmosphere, thereby providing a wind shear profile; processing the wind shear profile to correct systematic Doppler errors associated with the acoustic echoes by: subtracting a first measured wind speed from the wind shear profile; and adding a second measured wind speed to the wind shear profile.

A method for measuring a speed of a fluid includes transmitting an ultrasonic measurement signal; acquiring and digitizing a measurement portion of an ultrasonic measurement signal received after traveling a defined length to obtain measurement samples; estimate, from the samples, an amplitude of the measurement portion; access reference samples forming a reference curve which is an interpolation of the measurement samples; produce adjusted measurement samples by multiplying the samples by ratio between an amplitude of the reference curve and the amplitude of the measurement portion; determine a unit time delay between the adjusted measurement sample and the reference curve; estimate a zero-crossing time of the measurement portion from the unit time delay and from the reference samples, estimate, from an average of the zero-crossing times, the time it takes the ultrasonic measurement signal to travel the defined length; estimate the speed of the fluid from the travel time measurement.

In one illustrative configuration, an air quality monitoring system may enable wide-scale deployment of multiple air quality monitors with high-confidence and actionable data is provided. Further, the air quality monitoring system may enable identifying a target emission from a plurality of potential sources at a site based on simulating plume models. The simulation of plume models may take into consideration various simulation parameters including wind speed and direction. Further, methods of determining a plume flux of a plume of emissions at a site, and methods of transmitting data from an air quality monitor are disclosed.

An omnidirectional anemometer and a method for using such an anemometer to measure the airflow along a conveying path, such as a helical path through a processing chamber. The anemometer is a low-profile, omnidirectional, three-axis anemometer with minimal airflow-occluding structure. Because of its low profile, the anemometer can fit in spiral conveyors with a short tier pitch.