Embodiments of air flow sensing systems are provided herein. In some embodiments, one or more sensors are positionable on an aircraft and dimensioned and arranged to measure vector components of airflow velocity having at least one of a transverse or streamwise direction relative to a flight direction of the aircraft. In some embodiments, the one or more sensors are positioned in front of an aircraft wing and distributed as an array of sensors along the span of the aircraft wing.

A method for controlling gas dynamic cold spraying, the method including providing a particle jet by using an accelerating nozzle, according to a first set of operating parameters, illuminating the particle jet with illuminating light pulses, capturing one or more images of the particle jet by using an imaging unit, and determining one or more velocity values by analyzing the captured images,
wherein the method includes providing two or more sequences of illuminating light pulses during an exposure time period of a single captured image.

A method for controlling gas dynamic cold spraying, the method including providing a particle jet by using an accelerating nozzle, according to a first set of operating parameters, illuminating the particle jet with illuminating light pulses, capturing one or more images of the particle jet by using an imaging unit, and determining one or more velocity values by analyzing the captured images,
wherein the method includes providing two or more sequences of illuminating light pulses during an exposure time period of a single captured image.

An optical sensor probe in which one end of optical fibers, of which the other end is connected to a light source or a Doppler measurement device, is linearly supported and arranged in a section of a buckling length L, a movement of the optical fibers in an optical axis direction is restricted at a fiber fixing point on an optical fiber-proximal side in the section of the buckling length L, the optical fibers are protrusively arranged through a restriction hole on an optical fiber-distal side in the section of the buckling length L, and the optical fibers are supported so as to be allowed to move only in the optical axis direction through the restriction hole. A measurement method is capable of measuring a blood flow rate, blood viscosity, or a vascular elastic modulus of the measurement target by measuring a Doppler shift of scattered light from the measurement target due to light emitted from the light source.

The lidar device includes a multimode laser light source, a narrow-band filter for converting output laser light of the multimode laser light source into narrow-band laser light, an edge filter for receiving backscattered light generated when a target (Tgt) in an external space backscatters the narrow-band laser light, a light detection circuit for detecting a transmission light signal output by the edge filter and outputting an electric signal, and a signal processing unit for measuring at least a relative speed of the target (Tgt) on the basis of the electric signal. The light transmission characteristic of the narrow-band filter has a first narrow-band spectrum that forms a peak of light transmittance at a predetermined light transmission frequency, and the light transmission characteristic of the edge filter has a second narrow-band spectrum having an edge portion forming a positive or negative gradient of light transmittance at the light transmission frequency.

The lidar device includes a multimode laser light source, a narrow-band filter for converting output laser light of the multimode laser light source into narrow-band laser light, an edge filter for receiving backscattered light generated when a target (Tgt) in an external space backscatters the narrow-band laser light, a light detection circuit for detecting a transmission light signal output by the edge filter and outputting an electric signal, and a signal processing unit for measuring at least a relative speed of the target (Tgt) on the basis of the electric signal. The light transmission characteristic of the narrow-band filter has a first narrow-band spectrum that forms a peak of light transmittance at a predetermined light transmission frequency, and the light transmission characteristic of the edge filter has a second narrow-band spectrum having an edge portion forming a positive or negative gradient of light transmittance at the light transmission frequency.

A method of manufacturing an optical fiber probe includes: stretching one end of the optical fiber in an axial direction thereof to form a first tapered portion in a first conical shape in which a diameter is gradually decreased toward a leading end of the optical fiber probe at a first ratio in an axial direction of the optical fiber probe to a point spaced a predetermined distance from a point fixed to a probe holder; and immersing and etching an end of the first tapered portion in an etching solution to form a second tapered portion formed in a second conical shape in which a diameter is gradually decreased at a second ratio greater than the first ratio in the axial direction from an end of the first tapered portion to form the leading end of the optical fiber probe.

A method of manufacturing an optical fiber probe includes: stretching one end of the optical fiber in an axial direction thereof to form a first tapered portion in a first conical shape in which a diameter is gradually decreased toward a leading end of the optical fiber probe at a first ratio in an axial direction of the optical fiber probe to a point spaced a predetermined distance from a point fixed to a probe holder; and immersing and etching an end of the first tapered portion in an etching solution to form a second tapered portion formed in a second conical shape in which a diameter is gradually decreased at a second ratio greater than the first ratio in the axial direction from an end of the first tapered portion to form the leading end of the optical fiber probe.

A laser sensing system includes an emitter configured to emit a laser, and a controller. The intensity of the laser is based upon power provided to the laser sensing system. The controller is configured to control the power provided to the laser sensing system, obtain feedback parameters indicative in part of molecular content of the atmosphere, and control the power provided to the laser sensing system based upon the feedback parameters.

A laser sensing system includes an emitter configured to emit a laser, and a controller. The intensity of the laser is based upon power provided to the laser sensing system. The controller is configured to control the power provided to the laser sensing system, obtain feedback parameters indicative in part of molecular content of the atmosphere, and control the power provided to the laser sensing system based upon the feedback parameters.