An indium phosphide substrate, a method of inspecting thereof and a method of producing thereof are provided, by which an epitaxial film grown on the substrate is rendered excellently uniform, thereby allowing improvement in PL characteristics and electrical characteristics of an epitaxial wafer formed using this epitaxial film. The indium phosphide substrate has a first main surface and a second main surface, a surface roughness Ra1 at a center position on the first main surface, and surface roughnesses Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra5 at four positions arranged equidistantly along an outer edge of the first main surface and located at a distance of 5 mm inwardly from the outer edge. An average value m1 of the surface roughnesses Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra5 is 0.5 nm or less, and a standard deviation σ1 of the surface roughnesses Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra5 is 0.2 nm or less.

An indium phosphide substrate, a method of inspecting thereof and a method of producing thereof are provided, by which an epitaxial film grown on the substrate is rendered excellently uniform, thereby allowing improvement in PL characteristics and electrical characteristics of an epitaxial wafer formed using this epitaxial film. The indium phosphide substrate has a first main surface and a second main surface, a surface roughness Ra1 at a center position on the first main surface, and surface roughnesses Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra5 at four positions arranged equidistantly along an outer edge of the first main surface and located at a distance of 5 mm inwardly from the outer edge. An average value m1 of the surface roughnesses Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra5 is 0.5 nm or less, and a standard deviation σ1 of the surface roughnesses Ra1, Ra2, Ra3, Ra4, and Ra5 is 0.2 nm or less.

An aspect of the invention relates to a method for detecting amyloid aggregates (40) in blood. The method comprises providing a blood sample (20) comprising one or more red blood cells and performing an analysis of a surface layer (22) of the blood sample (20) by an atomic force microscope (10) to detect amyloid aggregates on the surface of the red blood cells and to image detected amyloid aggregates. Further aspects relate to a corresponding atomic force microscope and a corresponding computer program product.

An aspect of the invention relates to a method for detecting amyloid aggregates (40) in blood. The method comprises providing a blood sample (20) comprising one or more red blood cells and performing an analysis of a surface layer (22) of the blood sample (20) by an atomic force microscope (10) to detect amyloid aggregates on the surface of the red blood cells and to image detected amyloid aggregates. Further aspects relate to a corresponding atomic force microscope and a corresponding computer program product.

There may be provided an evaluation system that may include spatial sensors that include atomic force microscopes (AFMs) and a solid immersion lens. The AFMs are arranged to generate spatial relationship information that is indicative of a spatial relationship between the solid immersion lens and a substrate. The controller is arranged to receive the spatial relationship information and to send correction signals to the at least one location correction element for introducing a desired spatial relationship between the solid immersion lens and the substrate.

There may be provided an evaluation system that may include spatial sensors that include atomic force microscopes (AFMs) and a solid immersion lens. The AFMs are arranged to generate spatial relationship information that is indicative of a spatial relationship between the solid immersion lens and a substrate. The controller is arranged to receive the spatial relationship information and to send correction signals to the at least one location correction element for introducing a desired spatial relationship between the solid immersion lens and the substrate.

This sample holder for a scanning probe microscope is constituted of (1) a container that retains a liquid and (2) a flat-plate-shaped upper cover that covers an upper opening of the container and that has a narrow slit above the position where a sample is placed. In the upper cover, the slit has a slit width with which a thin film of the liquid is formed over the upper surface of the sample when the liquid fills the space between the container and the upper cover. The thin film of the liquid has a film thickness smaller than the distance between the upper surface of the sample and the upper cover.

A method for fabricating patterns on a flexible substrate in a roll-to-roll configuration. Drops of a monomer diluted in a solvent are dispensed on a substrate, where the drops spontaneously spread and merge with one another to form a liquid resist formulation. The solvent is evaporated (e.g., blanket evaporation) from the liquid resist formulation followed by selective multi-component resist film evaporation resulting in a non-uniform and substantially continuous film on the substrate. The gap between the film on the substrate and a template is closed such that the film fills the features of the template. After cross-linking the film to polymerize the film, the template is separated from the substrate thereby leaving the polymerized film on the substrate.

A method for fabricating patterns on a flexible substrate in a roll-to-roll configuration. Drops of a monomer diluted in a solvent are dispensed on a substrate, where the drops spontaneously spread and merge with one another to form a liquid resist formulation. The solvent is evaporated (e.g., blanket evaporation) from the liquid resist formulation followed by selective multi-component resist film evaporation resulting in a non-uniform and substantially continuous film on the substrate. The gap between the film on the substrate and a template is closed such that the film fills the features of the template. After cross-linking the film to polymerize the film, the template is separated from the substrate thereby leaving the polymerized film on the substrate.

The present invention relates to a method and system for quantitatively evaluating surface roughness of an organic pore of kerogen in shale. The method includes: making a shale sample; applying a circle of silver-painted conductive tape on the edge of the shale sample to obtain a processed sample; conducting image scanning on the processed sample to obtain a scanned image; determining a kerogen area according to the scanned image; determining an organic pore area according to the kerogen area; carrying out gridding treatment on the organic pore area to obtain multiple grid cells; adopting double integral calculation on each of the grid cells to obtain the areas of the multiple grid cells; summing each of the areas to obtain the surface area of the organic pore; and evaluating surface roughness of the organic pore according to the surface area of the pore.