A power supply for providing an electric pulse to an electrical consumer is shown. The power supply has an input circuit, a storage capacitor, and an output circuit. The input circuit is configured to charge the storage capacitor up to a maximum voltage. The output circuit is configured to provide one or more pulses having a pulse voltage on the basis of a charge stored in the storage capacitor and to compensate for a reduction of the voltage of the storage capacitor by at least 30% down from the maximum voltage. Moreover, the power supply is configured such that the voltage of the storage capacitor is reduced by at least 30% during the generation of one or more pulses.

A power supply for providing an electric pulse to an electrical consumer is shown. The power supply has an input circuit, a storage capacitor, and an output circuit. The input circuit is configured to charge the storage capacitor up to a maximum voltage. The output circuit is configured to provide one or more pulses having a pulse voltage on the basis of a charge stored in the storage capacitor and to compensate for a reduction of the voltage of the storage capacitor by at least 30% down from the maximum voltage. Moreover, the power supply is configured such that the voltage of the storage capacitor is reduced by at least 30% during the generation of one or more pulses.

A detection circuit includes an open circuit detection branch and a current detection branch. The open circuit detection branch includes a comparator and a digital logic branch. A positive input terminal of the comparator is connected to one end of the sampling resistor adjacent to the stimulation source, a negative input terminal of the comparator is connected to one end of the sampling resistor facing away from the stimulation source, and an output terminal of the comparator is connected to the digital logic branch. The current detection branch includes an amplifier and a first switch. A negative input terminal of the amplifier is connected to the one end of the sampling resistor facing away from the stimulation source, an output terminal of the amplifier is connected to a control terminal of the first switch.

A detection circuit includes an open circuit detection branch and a current detection branch. The open circuit detection branch includes a comparator and a digital logic branch. A positive input terminal of the comparator is connected to one end of the sampling resistor adjacent to the stimulation source, a negative input terminal of the comparator is connected to one end of the sampling resistor facing away from the stimulation source, and an output terminal of the comparator is connected to the digital logic branch. The current detection branch includes an amplifier and a first switch. A negative input terminal of the amplifier is connected to the one end of the sampling resistor facing away from the stimulation source, an output terminal of the amplifier is connected to a control terminal of the first switch.

An apparatus for detecting a state of a relay includes a voltage outputter configured to output a voltage having a different voltage value for each state of each of a plurality of relays configured to switch a connection between a battery and a load, and a controller configured to determine whether each of the plurality of relays is welded based on the voltage output from the voltage outputter.

Provided is an electrostatic capacitance sensor which can remove an influence of a noise occurring from a static eliminator or a driving source and accurately perform measurement even on electrostatic capacitance detected by a thin-type detection unit which can be passed to a finger surface of a wafer transfer robot. The present invention is provided with an AC supply source which supplies an AC voltage to a detection unit, a parasitic capacitance compensation circuit, an operational amplifier, a differential amplifier, a phase detection means, and a low pass filter. An operational amplification output terminal is connected to an inversion input terminal of the differential amplifier through a first band pass filter, the AC supply source is connected to a non-inversion input terminal of the differential amplifier through a second band pass filter, an output terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to an input terminal of the phase detection means, and the phase detection means takes, as a reference signal, an AC signal output from the AC supply source.

Provided is an electrostatic capacitance sensor which can remove an influence of a noise occurring from a static eliminator or a driving source and accurately perform measurement even on electrostatic capacitance detected by a thin-type detection unit which can be passed to a finger surface of a wafer transfer robot. The present invention is provided with an AC supply source which supplies an AC voltage to a detection unit, a parasitic capacitance compensation circuit, an operational amplifier, a differential amplifier, a phase detection means, and a low pass filter. An operational amplification output terminal is connected to an inversion input terminal of the differential amplifier through a first band pass filter, the AC supply source is connected to a non-inversion input terminal of the differential amplifier through a second band pass filter, an output terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to an input terminal of the phase detection means, and the phase detection means takes, as a reference signal, an AC signal output from the AC supply source.

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement comprising a control device, an input circuit for applying an input signal, a conditioning circuit electrically connected to the input circuit for converting the input signal into a measured signal, an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the conditioning circuit for converting the measured signal into a digital value, and a reference source that outputs a known reference signal. In this respect, a first switching apparatus is provided that selectively separate the input signal from the conditioning circuit or supplies it to the conditioning circuit and a second switching apparatus is provided that selectively supplies the reference signal to the input circuit or separates it from the input circuit, wherein the control device is configured to determine an offset error and to determine a gain error of the circuit arrangement.

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement comprising a control device, an input circuit for applying an input signal, a conditioning circuit electrically connected to the input circuit for converting the input signal into a measured signal, an analog-to-digital converter electrically connected to the conditioning circuit for converting the measured signal into a digital value, and a reference source that outputs a known reference signal. In this respect, a first switching apparatus is provided that selectively separate the input signal from the conditioning circuit or supplies it to the conditioning circuit and a second switching apparatus is provided that selectively supplies the reference signal to the input circuit or separates it from the input circuit, wherein the control device is configured to determine an offset error and to determine a gain error of the circuit arrangement.

According to one embodiment, a current detecting circuit includes: a normally-ON type first switching element that includes a drain, a source, and a gate; a normally-OFF type second switching element including a drain that is connected to the source of the first switching element, a source that is connected to the gate of the first switching element, and a gate; and a differential amplification circuit that outputs a voltage according to a voltage between the drain and the source of the second switching element.