A resistive material for sensing current contains particles having an electrically insulating property and a metal body having a three-dimensional network enclosing the particles, and a ratio of the metal body to the whole of the resistive material is 30 vol % or more and 80 vol % or less.

An electromagnetic gradiometer that includes multiple torsionally operated MEMS-based magnetic and/or electric field sensors with control electronics configured to provide magnetic and/or electric field gradient measurements. In one example a magnetic gradiometer includes a first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor having a capacitive read-out configured to provide a first measurement of a received magnetic field, a second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor coupled to the first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor and having the capacitive read-out configured to provide a second measurement of the received magnetic field, and control electronics coupled to the first and second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensors and configured to determine a magnetic field gradient of the received magnetic field based the first and second measurements from the first and second torsionally operated MEMS electromagnetic sensors.

A system and method for phase and gain calibration of a current sensor system. The system comprises a microcontroller configured to execute software in an energy measurement component and a calibration computer having a calibration application. The energy measurement component receives first and second digital signals representing current and voltage signals, respectively, received from a test source, and calculates active power and a power factor, and provides those values to the calibration computer. The power factor is converted to a converted phase angle. Based on the information received from the energy measurement component, the calibration application calculates parameters used to update components within the microcontroller to maximize the accuracy of the current sensor system.

A voltage-divider circuit, including: a network of discrete resistors defining T tiers of resistors, where T≥2, the T tiers comprising first and subsequent tiers, the Xth tier including at least one Xth-tier resistor where X=1, and the Xth tier including at least two Xth-tier resistors for each value of X in the range 2≤X≤T, wherein, for each value of X in the range 1≤X<T: each Xth-tier resistor is connected between a pair of nodes of the voltage-divider circuit at which a relatively high and low voltage signal are provided, respectively; at least one Xth-tier resistor is implemented as a subdivision network of discrete resistors; and for each Xth-tier resistor implemented as a subdivision network, that subdivision network includes a main resistor connected in series with a corresponding auxiliary resistor, that main resistor implemented as a base resistor connected in parallel with a series connection of a plurality of X+1th-tier resistors.

A communication system that utilizes a light strip to carry data using the power and ground connections of the light strip. When used in the context of a truck and trailer, the system may include a sensor node configured to obtain status information about trailer components, and a data hub for collecting the information. The data about the trailer components may be transferred from the sensor node to the data hub using the power and/or ground connections of the light strip. The sensor node may communicate using the light strip by changing the current level of the light strip power connection, and these changes in the current level may be used by the data hub as a signal by which the data may be received.

A non-contact electric potential meter system to determine voltage between an AC conductor and a reference potential without direct electrical contact to the conductor. A housing provides a shielded measurement region that excludes other conductors and holds power supply means; an AC voltage sensing mechanism includes a conductive sense plate and an electrical connection to the reference potential. Waveform-sensing electronic circuitry obtains an AC voltage waveform induced by capacitive coupling between the conductor and the conductive sense plate. Capacitance-determining electronic circuitry obtains a scaling factor based on the coupling capacitance formed between the conductor and the conductive sense plate. Signal processing electronic circuitry uses the AC voltage waveform and the coupling capacitance-based scaling factor to obtain the voltage between the conductor and the reference potential.

A current detection device includes a plurality of current detection units arranged in the current detection device. Each of the current detection units includes a bus bar that enables a current to be measured to flow therethrough, a magnetic sensor disposed at a position facing the bus bar, and a pair of shields disposed so as to sandwich the bus bar and the magnetic sensor in a facing direction in which the bus bar and the magnetic sensor face each other. The bus bars of the plurality of current detection units extend so as to be aligned to one another and, as viewed in the facing direction, the positions of the shield and the magnetic sensor of each of the current detection units in an extension direction of the bus bars differ from the positions of the shield and the magnetic sensor of the adjacent current detection unit.

A magnetic sensor includes a first insulating layer, a second insulating layer, a third insulating layer, a lower coil element located on an opposite side of the first insulating layer from the second insulating layer, and a second MR element. The second MR element includes a magnetization pinned layer and a free layer. The magnetization pinned layer and the free layer are located on an opposite side of the third insulating layer from the second insulating layer. The first and third insulating layers each contain a first insulating material. The second insulating layer contains a second insulating material.

A clamp sensor includes: a pair of clamp arms that construct a ring-shaped sensor in a closed state and rotate about a rotational shaft provided near base ends of the clamp arms so that other ends of the clamp arms come in to contact and move apart; and a pair of operating arms that extend from the base ends of the clamp arms and are capable, by rotating about the rotational shaft so as to approach each other, of shifting the clamp arms into an open state. The operating arms are formed in arc shapes where, when looking along an axial direction of the rotational shaft, an outer edge of one operating arm and an outer edge of the other operating arm are curved in a same direction.

A clamp sensor includes: a pair of clamp arms that construct a ring-shaped sensor in a closed state and rotate about a rotational shaft provided near base ends of the clamp arms so that other ends of the clamp arms come in to contact and move apart; and a pair of operating arms that extend from the base ends of the clamp arms and are capable, by rotating about the rotational shaft so as to approach each other, of shifting the clamp arms into an open state. The operating arms are formed in arc shapes where, when looking along an axial direction of the rotational shaft, an outer edge of one operating arm and an outer edge of the other operating arm are curved in a same direction.