A system for ensuring that electrically powered medical equipment is properly grounded includes a current sensor that senses current flowing within a ground connection conductor (e.g., leakage current) for the medical equipment. The sensor may operate based on induced current. Measured current is converted to a voltage value, and the voltage value is analyzed by a processor to determine whether current is present in the ground connection conductor. If no current is present, the ground connection conductor may be faulty. If current is present, the system can also identify voltage-to-patient fault conditions.

A system for ensuring that electrically powered medical equipment is properly grounded includes a current sensor that senses current flowing within a ground connection conductor (e.g., leakage current) for the medical equipment. The sensor may operate based on induced current. Measured current is converted to a voltage value, and the voltage value is analyzed by a processor to determine whether current is present in the ground connection conductor. If no current is present, the ground connection conductor may be faulty. If current is present, the system can also identify voltage-to-patient fault conditions.

A measurement apparatus has a current sensor and at least one A/D converter, which current sensor has at least two channels (CH1, CH2), via which channels (CH1, CH2) the current sensor (30) respectively provides a measurement signal (CH1_SIG, CH2_SIG) characterizing the current. The at least two channels (CH1, CH2) include a first channel (CH1) and a second channel (CH2), which second channel (CH2) is designed to measure a greater maximum current than the first channel (CH1). Also described is a method for measuring a current flowing through a conductor by way of the measurement apparatus.

A measurement apparatus has a current sensor and at least one A/D converter, which current sensor has at least two channels (CH1, CH2), via which channels (CH1, CH2) the current sensor (30) respectively provides a measurement signal (CH1_SIG, CH2_SIG) characterizing the current. The at least two channels (CH1, CH2) include a first channel (CH1) and a second channel (CH2), which second channel (CH2) is designed to measure a greater maximum current than the first channel (CH1). Also described is a method for measuring a current flowing through a conductor by way of the measurement apparatus.

A direct current (DC) power rail probe includes a single-ended probe tip, and a two-path circuit having an input coupled to the single-ended probe tip and an output configured for connection to measurement equipment such as an oscilloscope. The two-path circuit includes an alternating current (AC) path in parallel with a feed-forward (FF) path, the AC path including a capacitive element, and the FF path including a series connection of at least one resistive element and an amplifier. The probe tip and two-path circuit are selectively operable in a non-attenuating mode and an attenuating mode.

A direct current (DC) power rail probe includes a single-ended probe tip, and a two-path circuit having an input coupled to the single-ended probe tip and an output configured for connection to measurement equipment such as an oscilloscope. The two-path circuit includes an alternating current (AC) path in parallel with a feed-forward (FF) path, the AC path including a capacitive element, and the FF path including a series connection of at least one resistive element and an amplifier. The probe tip and two-path circuit are selectively operable in a non-attenuating mode and an attenuating mode.

A power conversion device includes: a plurality of legs, each leg including a high-side switch connected between a voltage supply node and a phase node and a low-side switch connected between the phase node and a reference node; a phase current sensor for each leg and configured to sense current flowing through the high-side switch or the low-side switch of the corresponding leg; a single current sensor connected between the reference node and the low-side switches, or between the voltage supply node and the high-side switches; and a controller. During a subperiod of a switching period, the controller is configured to sample the current sensed by at least one of the phase current sensors and a current sensed by the single current sensor such that the current in one or more of the legs is sampled during the same subperiod as the current flowing through the single current sensor.

A power conversion device includes: a plurality of legs, each leg including a high-side switch connected between a voltage supply node and a phase node and a low-side switch connected between the phase node and a reference node; a phase current sensor for each leg and configured to sense current flowing through the high-side switch or the low-side switch of the corresponding leg; a single current sensor connected between the reference node and the low-side switches, or between the voltage supply node and the high-side switches; and a controller. During a subperiod of a switching period, the controller is configured to sample the current sensed by at least one of the phase current sensors and a current sensed by the single current sensor such that the current in one or more of the legs is sampled during the same subperiod as the current flowing through the single current sensor.

Provided is an electrostatic capacitance sensor which can remove an influence of a noise occurring from a static eliminator or a driving source and accurately perform measurement even on electrostatic capacitance detected by a thin-type detection unit which can be passed to a finger surface of a wafer transfer robot. The present invention is provided with an AC supply source which supplies an AC voltage to a detection unit, a parasitic capacitance compensation circuit, an operational amplifier, a differential amplifier, a phase detection means, and a low pass filter. An operational amplification output terminal is connected to an inversion input terminal of the differential amplifier through a first band pass filter, the AC supply source is connected to a non-inversion input terminal of the differential amplifier through a second band pass filter, an output terminal of the differential amplifier is connected to an input terminal of the phase detection means, and the phase detection means takes, as a reference signal, an AC signal output from the AC supply source.

The disclosure relates to accurately determining a DC energy signal, such as a DC current or DC voltage, which may be particularly useful when controlling a formation/testing current of a battery cell during formation and/or testing. In the battery formation/testing context, a current sensor is used to measure the current of the battery cell, which is used as a feedback signal for controlling the current to achieve a target current. The transfer function of the current sensor is used to improve the accuracy of the current measurement. Because the transfer function can be regularly determined during formation/testing, a lower-cost current sensor with relatively poor temperature coefficient may be used. Any change in the gain of the current sensor may be detected by the transfer function determination and corrected for. Therefore, high current control accuracy may be achieved at lower cost.