The invention relates to a system for analyzing an electronic device including a signal generator configured to generate at least one composite signal within a test frequency range. The composite signal includes narrowband signals, each narrowband signal has a center frequency within a subrange of the test frequency range, a transmitter configured to transmit the composite signal to the electronic device, and an analyzing unit configured to analyze a response of the electronic device to the composite signal.

The invention relates to a system for analyzing an electronic device including a signal generator configured to generate at least one composite signal within a test frequency range. The composite signal includes narrowband signals, each narrowband signal has a center frequency within a subrange of the test frequency range, a transmitter configured to transmit the composite signal to the electronic device, and an analyzing unit configured to analyze a response of the electronic device to the composite signal.

A method of frequency estimation. A clock output from a frequency synthesizer is received at an input of a ring encoder. The ring encoder generates outputs including a ring encoder output clock and an encoded output which represents LSBs of a clock cycle count of the clock output. A binary counter is run using the ring encoder output clock which provides an output count which represents MSBs of the clock cycle count. Using a reference clock, the encoded output is sampled to provide a sampled encoded output and the output count is sampled to provide a sampled output count. Error correcting is applied to the sampled encoded output to provide a corrected sampled encoded output. The corrected sampled encoded output and sampled output count are combined to provide a combined output which is used for estimating an instantaneous or average frequency of the clock output.

A method of frequency estimation. A clock output from a frequency synthesizer is received at an input of a ring encoder. The ring encoder generates outputs including a ring encoder output clock and an encoded output which represents LSBs of a clock cycle count of the clock output. A binary counter is run using the ring encoder output clock which provides an output count which represents MSBs of the clock cycle count. Using a reference clock, the encoded output is sampled to provide a sampled encoded output and the output count is sampled to provide a sampled output count. Error correcting is applied to the sampled encoded output to provide a corrected sampled encoded output. The corrected sampled encoded output and sampled output count are combined to provide a combined output which is used for estimating an instantaneous or average frequency of the clock output.

A method for providing a frequency of an electrical quantity in an electrical power system comprises obtaining (30), with respect to a first time, a first discrete Fourier transform, DFT, phasor of an electrical quantity in the electrical power system, estimating (32) a second DFT phasor at a time interval before the first time, where the time interval depends on an approximated frequency, and determining (34) the frequency at the first time based on the first and the second DFT phasor.

Embodiments described herein relate to a method for modifying transmission line characteristics. The method may include: making a first determination of a null frequency of an input signal to a transmission line; performing an analysis to make a second determination of a wavelength of the input signal using, at least in part, the null frequency; making a third determination, based on the analysis, of a half wavelength of the input signal; calculating, based on the half wavelength, a total stub length; and adding a trace to a stub associated with a via, wherein the stub and the trace are a length that is at least a portion of the half wavelength of the input signal.

Embodiments described herein relate to a method for modifying transmission line characteristics. The method may include: making a first determination of a null frequency of an input signal to a transmission line; performing an analysis to make a second determination of a wavelength of the input signal using, at least in part, the null frequency; making a third determination, based on the analysis, of a half wavelength of the input signal; calculating, based on the half wavelength, a total stub length; and adding a trace to a stub associated with a via, wherein the stub and the trace are a length that is at least a portion of the half wavelength of the input signal.

A measurement apparatus is provided for measuring signals from a device under test (DUT). The measurement apparatus includes a time domain receiver configured to receive from the DUT a time domain signal in a time domain; a logic domain receiver configured to receive from the DUT a logical signal comprising logic levels over time; a frequency domain receiver configured to receive from the DUT a frequency domain signal in a frequency domain through frequency downconversion; and a controller coupled to the logic domain receiver, and configured to determine the logic levels over time of the logical signal and to control at least one parameter of the frequency domain signal in response to the determined logic levels.

A measurement apparatus is provided for measuring signals from a device under test (DUT). The measurement apparatus includes a time domain receiver configured to receive from the DUT a time domain signal in a time domain; a logic domain receiver configured to receive from the DUT a logical signal comprising logic levels over time; a frequency domain receiver configured to receive from the DUT a frequency domain signal in a frequency domain through frequency downconversion; and a controller coupled to the logic domain receiver, and configured to determine the logic levels over time of the logical signal and to control at least one parameter of the frequency domain signal in response to the determined logic levels.

Systems and methods may be used to measure a frequency of a power delivery system and/or of a supply signal transmitted to a load. A system may record an input waveform, determine a frequency of the input waveform at a present time based at least in part on the input waveform and a derivative of the input waveform, and control an operation of a power delivery system based at least in part on the determined frequency.