A data analysis system includes a data input interface for receiving a time domain signal, a data segmentation processor that segments the time domain signal into single segments of a predetermined length, a data converter that converts the time domain signal into a spectrum waveform in the frequency domain based on the single segments, a data analyzer that detects a data anomaly in the spectrum waveform, a segment identifier that, if the data anomaly is detected in the spectrum waveform, identifies the segment that causes the data anomaly in the spectrum waveform, and a data output interface that, if the data anomaly is detected in the spectrum waveform, outputs at least one of an indication of the identified segment and the identified segment. The present disclosure further provides a respective measurement device and a respective method.

A data analysis system includes a data input interface for receiving a time domain signal, a data segmentation processor that segments the time domain signal into single segments of a predetermined length, a data converter that converts the time domain signal into a spectrum waveform in the frequency domain based on the single segments, a data analyzer that detects a data anomaly in the spectrum waveform, a segment identifier that, if the data anomaly is detected in the spectrum waveform, identifies the segment that causes the data anomaly in the spectrum waveform, and a data output interface that, if the data anomaly is detected in the spectrum waveform, outputs at least one of an indication of the identified segment and the identified segment. The present disclosure further provides a respective measurement device and a respective method.

A signal post-processing method is described, wherein a time-and-value-discrete signal is read from a memory by a signal post-processing circuit wherein a resolution bandwidth and a frequency range of the time-and-value-discrete signal are predetermined. A window filter is applied to the time-and-value-discrete signal. The window filtered time-and-value-discrete signal is transformed to a full-bandwidth frequency-domain signal. A sub-band is selected from the full-bandwidth frequency-domain signal by a selection unit wherein the rest is discarded by the selection unit. Further, a signal post-processing circuit as well as an oscilloscope are described.

A signal post-processing method is described, wherein a time-and-value-discrete signal is read from a memory by a signal post-processing circuit wherein a resolution bandwidth and a frequency range of the time-and-value-discrete signal are predetermined. A window filter is applied to the time-and-value-discrete signal. The window filtered time-and-value-discrete signal is transformed to a full-bandwidth frequency-domain signal. A sub-band is selected from the full-bandwidth frequency-domain signal by a selection unit wherein the rest is discarded by the selection unit. Further, a signal post-processing circuit as well as an oscilloscope are described.

A system for monitoring a machine includes a transducer mounted to the machine, and a processing unit coupled to the transducer. The transducer converts a sound produced by the machine during operation into a to-be-tested dataset. The processing unit receives the to-be-tested dataset from the transducer, performs time-frequency analysis on the to-be-tested dataset to generate a to-be-tested spectrogram based on the to-be-tested dataset, inputs the to-be-tested spectrogram to an analysis model of a deep neural network to obtain an analysis result, determines whether the machine is abnormal based on the analysis result, and outputs an abnormal signal when it is determined that the machine is abnormal.

A calibration setup for measuring a signal generator is provided. The calibration setup includes a calibration unit, a comb generator configured to output a comb signal and the signal generator to be measured that is configured to output an output signal. The comb signal has a higher bandwidth than the output signal. The comb signal has equidistant discrete frequency lines. The output signal has discrete frequency lines. Each of the equidistant discrete frequency lines of the comb signal is different to the discrete frequency lines of the output signal with regard to frequency. The calibration unit is configured to mix the comb signal with the output signal, thereby obtaining a mixed signal.

A calibration setup for measuring a signal generator is provided. The calibration setup includes a calibration unit, a comb generator configured to output a comb signal and the signal generator to be measured that is configured to output an output signal. The comb signal has a higher bandwidth than the output signal. The comb signal has equidistant discrete frequency lines. The output signal has discrete frequency lines. Each of the equidistant discrete frequency lines of the comb signal is different to the discrete frequency lines of the output signal with regard to frequency. The calibration unit is configured to mix the comb signal with the output signal, thereby obtaining a mixed signal.

Various examples of methods and systems are disclosed for correction of phase and amplitude errors that occur in transmission lines connecting transmitter/receiver devices to measurement fixtures. In one example, a method is described that includes using time domain processing to determine a phase shift from the measurement fixture that can occur between calibration measurements and measurements of the specimen under test. In another example, a method is described that includes frequency-domain processing of the signals to obtain both phase and amplitude corrections. Including these phase and amplitude corrections in the calibration procedure can reduce or minimize the errors induced in the measurements when the transmission line(s) experience either temperature changes or physical deflections, among other things.

A method of determining a spectrum of energies of individual quanta of radiation received in a radiation detector is disclosed. Spectrum sensitive statistics are computed from a time series of digital observations from the radiation detector, defining a mapping from a density of amplitudes of the pulses to the spectrum sensitive statistics. The spectrum is determined by estimating the density of amplitudes of the pulses by applying an inversion of the mapping to the spectrum sensitive statistics. The statistics may be based on a first set of nonoverlapping time intervals of constant length L at least as long as a duration of the pulses without regard to entirety of clusters of the pulses; and a second set of nonoverlapping time intervals of constant length L1 less than L also without regard to entirety of clusters of the pulses. A method of estimating count rate is also disclosed.

A system for non-invasive sensing of radio-frequency current spectra. In one example, the system comprises a plasma processing chamber, a plasma generator, and a shunt connector having a resistor therein. In one example, the shunt connector is attached across an opening in a ground-return path between the chamber and the generator.