An embodiment integrated circuit includes a first electromagnetic pulse detection device that comprises a first loop antenna formed in an interconnection structure of the integrated circuit, a first end of the first antenna being connected to a first node of application of a power supply potential and a second end of the antenna being coupled to a second node of application of the power supply potential, and a first circuit connected to the second end of the first antenna and configured to output a first signal representative of a comparison of a first current in the first antenna with a first threshold.

A system for processing and measuring radio frequency (RF) signals is described. The system uses a plurality of RF-to-optical antennas (ROAs). The ROAs can be configured to measure different characteristics of an RF signal such as different frequency bands or different polarizations. The ROAs are probed with an optical source, and the ROAs measured are determined by the wavelength or wavelengths of said optical source. A wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) separates the incoming optical wavelength or wavelengths so that a different wavelength can probe each ROA. It is possible to reflect the ROA-modulated optical signal after propagating through the ROA so as to produce a larger modulation on the optical signal. Here, the WDM also serves to combine the optical wavelengths so that a single fiber serves as the optical interface to the ROAs. The device can be configured to operate over a wide range of RF spectra.

Systems and methods are provided for detecting and analyzing changes in a body. For example, a system includes an electric field generator configured to produce an electric field. The system includes an external sensor device configured to detect physical changes in the electric field, where the physical changes affect amplitude and frequency of the electric field. The system includes a quadrature demodulator configured to detect changes of the frequency of the output of the electric field generator. The system includes an amplitude reference source and an amplitude comparison switch configured to detect changes of the amplitude of the output of the electric field generator. The system includes a signal processor configured to analyze the changes of the amplitude and frequency of the output of the electric field generator.

A method, system and apparatus for compensating for non-ideal isotropic behavior of a field probe are disclosed. A method includes, during a calibration procedure, for each of a plurality of positions of the field probe relative to a source, each position denoted by a set of angles (θ, ϕ), performing the following steps: measuring a field by the sensors of the probe, storing the measurements and the set of angles (θ, ϕ) for each measurement, computing a correction factor for the set of angles (θ, ϕ) based on the measurement, and storing the correction factors. During a measurement procedure, each sensor measures a component of the field. A set of angles is determined based on the sensor measurements, and a correction factor is determined based on the set of angles. The correction factor may then be multiplied by the sensor measurements to obtain the corrected field measurements.

A method, system and apparatus for compensating for non-ideal isotropic behavior of a field probe are disclosed. A method includes, during a calibration procedure, for each of a plurality of positions of the field probe relative to a source, each position denoted by a set of angles (θ, ϕ), performing the following steps: measuring a field by the sensors of the probe, storing the measurements and the set of angles (θ, ϕ) for each measurement, computing a correction factor for the set of angles (θ, ϕ) based on the measurement, and storing the correction factors. During a measurement procedure, each sensor measures a component of the field. A set of angles is determined based on the sensor measurements, and a correction factor is determined based on the set of angles. The correction factor may then be multiplied by the sensor measurements to obtain the corrected field measurements.

A temperature test apparatus 1 includes a test antenna 6 configured to transmit or receive a radio signal to or from the antennas 110 in order to measure reception characteristics or transmission characteristics of the DUT 100, a heat-insulating housing 70 made of heat-insulating material surrounding a space region 71 including a quiet zone QZ, and a measuring device 20 configured to measure the transmission characteristics or the reception characteristics of the DUT 100. The heat-insulating housing 70 has a flat plate shaped part 70a in a region through which radio waves of a radio signal transmitted from the test antenna 6 passes before entering the quiet zone QZ. The flat plate shaped part 70a is perpendicular to the traveling direction of the radio waves of the radio signal entering the quiet zone QZ.

A layer arrangement for a phased array antenna comprises phase shifting units arranged between stacked dielectric layers with a tunable dielectric material sandwiched in-between. Each phase shifting unit comprises a transmission line with phase shifting capabilities that is electrically connected with bias lines to a biasing circuit. A dielectric layer is made from an optically transparent material. An overlapping section of the bias lines of each of the phase shifting units is made from an optically transparent and electroconductive material. The tunable dielectric material affects the transmission or reflection of light that illuminates the tunable dielectric material depending on the respective tuning state. Testing this layer arrangement comprises illuminating the layer arrangement by light while a predetermined electric bias potential is applied to at least some of the phase shifting units, and during which the light emission from the layer arrangement is detected and compared with an expected light emission.

A read-out circuit includes an operational amplifier configured to receive an input voltage through a positive input terminal; a feedback capacitor connected between an output terminal of the operational amplifier and a negative input terminal of the operational amplifier; a sensor charging and discharging circuit configured to charge or discharge a sensor during a first time; a switching circuit connecting the sensor and the operational amplifier during a second time after the sensor is charged or discharged; and a duty control circuit configured to determine a duty ratio of the first time and the second time according to a capacitance of the sensor.

A photonic Rydberg atom radio frequency receiver includes: an integrated photonic chip; an atomic vapor cell; and a receiver member including: a photonic emitter; probe light reflectors disposed on the atomic vapor cell; and coupling light reflectors disposed on the atomic vapor cell such that the pair of coupling light reflectors is optically opposed across the interior vapor space and receives and reflects the coupling laser light so that the coupling laser light is reflected between the coupling light reflectors multiple times in the interior vapor space of the atomic vapor cell.

A radio wave environment display system includes a measurement antenna and a radio wave environment display device. The measurement antenna measures a radio wave intensity of a first radio wave transmitted by the wireless communication service, and performs a scan of radio wave intensities of radio waves including the first radio wave in a target area. The radio wave environment display device includes a processor configured to: select a radio wave intensity of a second radio wave having a frequency the same as or in the vicinity of a frequency of the first radio wave from the radio waves obtained by the scan; and calculate a communication environment of a wireless communication service on the basis of a difference between the radio wave intensity of the first radio wave and the radio wave intensity of the second radio wave.