Systems and methods are provided for detecting and analyzing changes in a body. A system includes an electric field generator, an external sensor device, a quadrature demodulator, and a controller. The electric field generator is configured to generate an electric field that associates with a body. The external sensor device sends information to the electric field generator and is configured to detect a physical change in the body in the electric field, where the physical change causes a frequency change of the electric field. The quadrature demodulator receives the electric field from the electric field generator and is configured to detect the frequency change of the electric field and to produce a detected response. The controller, coupled to the electric field generator, is configured to output a frequency control signal to the electric field generator and to modify the frequency of the electric field by adjusting the frequency control signal.

An equipment control apparatus for a vehicle has: a motor for vibrating that imparts, via a shift knob that contacts a vehicle occupant, vibrations as a stimulus that the vehicle occupant can feel by a somatic sensation; an electrostatic capacity sensor that detects electrostatic capacity as a state of contact of the vehicle occupant with the shift knob; and a control section that controls driving of the motor for vibrating so as to impart, to the vehicle occupant, vibrations of a strength that is determined in advance in accordance with the electrostatic capacity detected by the electrostatic capacity sensor.

An equipment control apparatus for a vehicle has: a motor for vibrating that imparts, via a shift knob that contacts a vehicle occupant, vibrations as a stimulus that the vehicle occupant can feel by a somatic sensation; an electrostatic capacity sensor that detects electrostatic capacity as a state of contact of the vehicle occupant with the shift knob; and a control section that controls driving of the motor for vibrating so as to impart, to the vehicle occupant, vibrations of a strength that is determined in advance in accordance with the electrostatic capacity detected by the electrostatic capacity sensor.

Provided is a measuring instrument for measuring an electrostatic capacity. The measuring instrument includes a base substrate having a disk shape, a plurality of first sensors arranged along an edge of the base substrate and respectively provide a plurality of side electrodes, one or more second sensors each of which has a bottom electrode provided along a bottom surface of the base substrate, and a circuit board. The circuit board is configured to apply a high frequency signal to the plurality of side electrodes and the bottom electrode, to generate a plurality of first measurement values respectively indicating electrostatic capacities based on voltage amplitudes in the plurality of side electrodes, and to generate a second measurement value indicating an electrostatic capacity based on a voltage amplitude in the bottom electrode.

Provided is a measuring instrument for measuring an electrostatic capacity. The measuring instrument includes a base substrate having a disk shape, a plurality of first sensors arranged along an edge of the base substrate and respectively provide a plurality of side electrodes, one or more second sensors each of which has a bottom electrode provided along a bottom surface of the base substrate, and a circuit board. The circuit board is configured to apply a high frequency signal to the plurality of side electrodes and the bottom electrode, to generate a plurality of first measurement values respectively indicating electrostatic capacities based on voltage amplitudes in the plurality of side electrodes, and to generate a second measurement value indicating an electrostatic capacity based on a voltage amplitude in the bottom electrode.

A detection device has a detecting port, a leakage port, an oscillation circuit and a detection circuit. The detecting port is used for pluggably coupled to an object. The leakage port is electrically coupled to a ground loop. The oscillation circuit is respectively coupled to the detecting port and the leakage port, and used for generating an oscillation signal. When the detecting port is coupled to the object, electrons on the object are transferred to the leakage port via the oscillation circuit. The detection circuit is used for determining whether the detecting port is coupled to the object based on the oscillation characteristic of the oscillation signal.

A detection device has a detecting port, a leakage port, an oscillation circuit and a detection circuit. The detecting port is used for pluggably coupled to an object. The leakage port is electrically coupled to a ground loop. The oscillation circuit is respectively coupled to the detecting port and the leakage port, and used for generating an oscillation signal. When the detecting port is coupled to the object, electrons on the object are transferred to the leakage port via the oscillation circuit. The detection circuit is used for determining whether the detecting port is coupled to the object based on the oscillation characteristic of the oscillation signal.

Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments provide a field effect transistor (FET) that controls equilibrium by reversing the effects of leakage currents affecting the gate response of the FET by using an equilibrium pump electrode. The equilibrium reversing gate FETs (ergFETs) of the various embodiments, may include an equilibrium pump electrode located within a non-conducting gap. The ergFETs of the various embodiments may provide solid state ephemeral electric potential and electric field sensor systems and methods for measuring ephemeral electric potentials and electric fields.

Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments provide a field effect transistor (FET) that controls equilibrium by reversing the effects of leakage currents affecting the gate response of the FET by using an equilibrium pump electrode. The equilibrium reversing gate FETs (ergFETs) of the various embodiments, may include an equilibrium pump electrode located within a non-conducting gap. The ergFETs of the various embodiments may provide solid state ephemeral electric potential and electric field sensor systems and methods for measuring ephemeral electric potentials and electric fields.

An electric field measuring apparatus includes an electrostatic chuck with a through hole and holding a wafer, a lift pin picking up the wafer, a driver vertically moving the lift pin along the through hole, a probe in the lift pin and having a refractive index changed by an electric field of the wafer, the probe including an electro-optical crystal, an optical waveguide forming at least one internal path of light having a polarization characteristic changed by the changed refractive index between the probe and the wafer, and a control module controlling the lift pin and the driver. The lift pin moves to first and second positions. The control module calculates a strength of the electric field of the wafer, using electric field data measured using the probe at each of the first and second positions.