A fault monitoring device may monitor and detect for faults corresponding to a high-side voltage rail, to low-side voltage rail, or internally within a voltage source connected to the high-side voltage rail and the low-side voltage rail. The fault monitoring device may determine sample voltage levels and/or sample resistance values to detect the faults. Also, in various embodiments, the fault monitoring device may perform one or more fault monitoring processes over multiple stages. The fault monitoring device may determine the sample voltage levels and/or the sample resistance values while switching a secondary resistance circuit in different states over the multiple stages.

A fault monitoring device may monitor and detect for faults corresponding to a high-side voltage rail, to low-side voltage rail, or internally within a voltage source connected to the high-side voltage rail and the low-side voltage rail. The fault monitoring device may determine sample voltage levels and/or sample resistance values to detect the faults. Also, in various embodiments, the fault monitoring device may perform one or more fault monitoring processes over multiple stages. The fault monitoring device may determine the sample voltage levels and/or the sample resistance values while switching a secondary resistance circuit in different states over the multiple stages.

[Object] To provide a semiconductor device capable of improving a discharge starting voltage when measuring electric characteristics, and widening a pad area of a surface electrode or increasing the number of semiconductor devices (number of chips) to be obtained from one wafer, and a method for manufacturing the same.

[Solution Means] A semiconductor device 1 includes an n-type SiC layer 2 having a first surface 2A, a second surface 2B, and end faces 2C, a p-type voltage relaxing layer 7 formed in the SiC layer 2 so as to be exposed to the end portion of the first surface 2A of the SiC layer 2, an insulating layer 8 formed on the SiC layer 2 so as to cover the voltage relaxing layer 7, and an anode electrode 9 that is connected to the first surface 2A of the SiC layer 2 through the insulating layer 8 and has a pad area 95 selectively exposed.

Methods and apparatus for detecting and characterizing arc faults in an aerospace electric propulsion system and then coordinating the operation of various elements of the protection system to execute a fault-clearing sequence. In a current-based method, the arc is detected and characterized based on differential readouts from current sensors. The difference between currents measured at two ends of a protection zone are compared to a difference threshold. In a power-based method, the arc is detected and characterized based on differential readouts from voltage and current sensors. The differential voltage and current readouts are used to compute the respective powers at two ends of a protection zone. The difference between the respective powers is integrated over a period of time and then the integrated difference is compared to a difference threshold. A differential protection trip mode is invoked when the difference threshold is exceeded.

An apparatus for locating partial discharges in a medium-voltage or high-voltage operating equipment comprises a signal detection device for detecting an electrical signal variable of the operating equipment, a filter device for low-pass filtering of the detected electrical signal variable dependent upon a filter cut-off frequency, a time detection device for detecting a signal propagation time of the low-pass-filtered electrical signal variable, and a comparison device for comparing the detected signal propagation time detected dependent upon the filter cut-off frequency with a reference propagation time for a charge pulse conducted through the operating equipment in order to determine a location of the partial discharge in the operating equipment dependent upon the result of the comparison. Also provided is a method for locating a partial discharge in medium-voltage or high-voltage operating equipment, in particular, using the apparatus.

A fault-arc identification method, device and apparatus, and a storage medium. The method comprises: performing sampling on a target arc at a high frequency, and obtaining a high-frequency sampling signal (S11); preprocessing the high-frequency sampling signal, and obtaining a processed sampling signal (S12); performing feature extraction on the processed sampling signal, and obtaining a target arc feature (S13); and inputting the target arc feature to a neural network model, obtaining a target output result, and determining, according to the target output result, whether the target arc is a fault-arc (S14). Performing sampling on a target arc at a high frequency can obtain more arc features from the target arc. Moreover, since a neural network model has favorable data classification capability, using a neural network model to perform determination with respect to the target arc can improve the accuracy and reliability of a fault-arc detection result.

A fault-arc identification method, device and apparatus, and a storage medium. The method comprises: performing sampling on a target arc at a high frequency, and obtaining a high-frequency sampling signal (S11); preprocessing the high-frequency sampling signal, and obtaining a processed sampling signal (S12); performing feature extraction on the processed sampling signal, and obtaining a target arc feature (S13); and inputting the target arc feature to a neural network model, obtaining a target output result, and determining, according to the target output result, whether the target arc is a fault-arc (S14). Performing sampling on a target arc at a high frequency can obtain more arc features from the target arc. Moreover, since a neural network model has favorable data classification capability, using a neural network model to perform determination with respect to the target arc can improve the accuracy and reliability of a fault-arc detection result.

An apparatus and method for identifying liner holidays, with a generator having two contacts with a liner and pulsing current to a moving one of the contacts. A plurality of detected electric signals are processed to continuously generate a baseline indicative of a holiday. A holiday signal is actuated when a signal is detected which when compared to the generated baseline indicates a holiday. A plurality of electric signal types and baselines, such as current strength and voltage, may be separately detected with a holiday signal actuated when either signal type is detected which when compared to its generated baseline indicates a holiday. The moving contact may be flexible to conform to contour of the liner.

An earth fault detection apparatus includes a switch group configured to switch between a first measurement path including a battery and a capacitor, and a second and third measurement paths including the battery, a positive/negative-side insulation resistance, and the capacitor; a reference resistance and a test switch; and a control unit calculating a first reference value based on each charging voltage in a case where the test switch is opened and the capacitor is charged, and calculating the insulation resistance with reference to a conversion map created to correspond to an electrostatic capacitance between a power supply line and ground, wherein the control unit calculates a second reference value based on each charging voltage in a case where the test switch is closed and the capacitor is charged for a shorter time, and estimates the electrostatic capacitance with reference to a predetermined test conversion map.

An earth fault detection apparatus includes a switch group configured to switch between a first measurement path including a battery and a capacitor, and a second and third measurement paths including the battery, a positive/negative-side insulation resistance, and the capacitor; a reference resistance and a test switch; and a control unit calculating a first reference value based on each charging voltage in a case where the test switch is opened and the capacitor is charged, and calculating the insulation resistance with reference to a conversion map created to correspond to an electrostatic capacitance between a power supply line and ground, wherein the control unit calculates a second reference value based on each charging voltage in a case where the test switch is closed and the capacitor is charged for a shorter time, and estimates the electrostatic capacitance with reference to a predetermined test conversion map.