The magnetic detection system (100) is provided with a magnetic sensor (1) and a waveform pattern classification unit (33c). The waveform pattern classification unit (33c) is configured to classify waveform patterns of magnetic signals acquired by the magnetic sensor (1) based on a waveform pattern distribution (60) generated based on a plurality of fully connected layers (52c) generated by weighting and connecting respective features in waveform patterns for each waveform pattern by machine-learning, and features in the waveform patterns of the magnetic signals.

The present disclosure provides a method of monitoring the magnetic field in which a magnetic sensor is operating in to ensure that the sensor is operating within its defined magnetic window. For example, the method uses the sensor output of either a multi-turn sensor, or some other magnetoresistive sensor that is being used in conjunction with the multi-turn sensor, for example, a magnetic single turn sensor or a second multi-turn sensor, to monitor the operating magnetic field.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide magnetic sensing systems and methods for a galvanometer scanner configured to rotate within a predetermined angular range. An exemplary magnetic sensing system includes a disc permanent magnet configured to provide a magnetic field. The magnetic sensing system further includes a Hall sensor configured to generate a voltage proportional to the strength of the magnetic field as the Hall sensor and the disc permanent magnet move relatively to each other when the galvanometer scanner rotates. One of the disc permanent magnet and the Hall sensor locates on and rotates with the galvanometer scanner and the other locates off the galvanometer scanner. The magnetic sensing system also includes at least one controller configured to determine a rotation angle of the galvanometer scanner based on the generated voltage by the Hall Sensor.

A magnetic sensor device includes a switching region defined by a switching range and a variation range, the switching range being set in a stroke direction of a magnet generating a radial magnetic field and defined by a start position and an end position for switching of the state, and the variation range being set in a direction intersecting the stroke direction and being a range of variation in the position of the magnet, and a magnetic sensor including plural first divided elements that are formed by dividing a first circular magneto-resistive element and are consecutively rotated and rearranged around the switching region such that change in a magnetoresistance value due to the magnetic field of the magnet in the switching region increases from the start position to the end position.

During both invasive and non-invasive treatments and therapies, inaccuracies in locating the areas of interest mean that not all the area is treated, or the treatment is incomplete. A magnetic field probe 100, 1010, 102, 103 is provided that improves determination of a disposition of an implantable magnetic marker 200, the probe comprising a first 110, 120 and second 110, 120 magnetic sensor, substantially disposed along a transverse axis intersecting the longitudinal axis of the probe 150. The first 110, 120 and second 110, 120 magnetic sensors are close to the distal end 160 of the probe, and are separated by a minor sensor separation. A third 120, 130 magnetic sensor is provided close to the proximal end 165, separated by a major sensor separation from the second magnetic sensor 110, 120 close to the distal end 160, the major sensor separation being larger than the minor sensor separation; and the ratio of the major sensor separation to the minor sensor separation is in the range 1.25 to 40, preferably in the range 1.6 to 7.6. In this example, the second magnetic sensor is functionally configured and arranged to co-operate with both the first magnetic sensor and the third magnetic sensor. This may be implemented using three or more magnetic sensors. This provides a probe capable of accurately determining one or more dispositions of the implantable magnetic marker when the distal end of the probe is close to the marker and also when it is further away. In particular, including the pair of sensors close to the distal end may increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the probe.

The magnetic sensor of the invention has an element portion that is elongate, that exhibits magnetoresistive effect and that has a magnetically sensitive axis in a direction of a short axis thereof. The element portion is non-oval and can be arranged in an imaginary ellipse, wherein the imaginary ellipse has a major axis that connects both ends of the element portion with regard to a direction of a long axis thereof to each other and a minor axis that connects both ends of the element portion with regard to a direction of the short axis thereof to each other, as viewed in a direction that is perpendicular both to the short axis and to the long axis of the element portion.

Magnetic field generating unit 2 is fixed to object 7 that moves relative to magnetic field detecting means 3. Magnetic field generating unit 3 has magnetic field generator 4, first support structure 5 that is fixed to object 7 and second support structure 6 that is independent of first support structure 5. Second support structure 6 is supported by first support structure 5 and supports magnetic field generator 4. For example, second support structure 6 is formed of a nonmagnetic material, and magnetic field generator 4 is arranged away from first support structure 5.

A magneto-inductive DC magnetometer is provided that is operable to output fluxgate quality measurements in a low mass, volume, power and cost package. The magnetometer enables constellation-class missions not only due to its low-resource requirements, but also due to its potential for commercial integrated circuit fabrication. In addition, the magnetometer will be part of a ground-based Space Weather Underground Citizen Science instrument package that enables dense arrays of space weather-relevant observations at mid-latitudes. The magneto-inductive operating principle is based on a simple resistance-inductor (RL) circuit and involves measurement of the time it takes to charge and discharge the inductor between an upper and lower threshold by means of a Schmitt trigger oscillator. This time is proportional to the inductance that in turn is proportional to the field strength.

The magnetic sensor of the invention has an element portion that is elongate, that exhibits magnetoresistive effect and that has a magnetically sensitive axis in a direction of a short axis thereof. The element portion is non-oval and can be arranged in an imaginary ellipse, wherein the imaginary ellipse has a major axis that connects both ends of the element portion with regard to a direction of a long axis thereof to each other and a minor axis that connects both ends of the element portion with regard to a direction of the short axis thereof to each other, as viewed in a direction that is perpendicular both to the short axis and to the long axis of the element portion.

Magnetic field generating unit is fixed to object that moves relative to magnetic field detecting means. Magnetic field generating unit has magnetic field generator, first support structure that is fixed to object and second support structure that is independent of first support structure. Second support structure is supported by first support structure and supports magnetic field generator. For example, second support structure is formed of a nonmagnetic material, and magnetic field generator is arranged away from first support structure.