A method allowing the determination of the location and/or the orientation of a magnetic field source in space, and more particularly a method for determining the relative position in space of at least one magnetic field source in relation to at least one magnetic field sensor comprises the steps of acquiring measurements of the magnetic field, computing a solution of the expression of the magnetic field generated by at least one magnetic field source by modeling each magnetic field source by an element chosen from among a superposition of solenoids and a superposition of charged planes, then by estimating the value of a complete elliptic integral linked to the model by an algorithm using a Landen transformation and computing at least one element chosen from among the position and the orientation of each magnetic field source.

Systems and methods for performing simulated ablation procedures are disclosed. A system may include a simulated ablation probe, a simulated imaging device, a phantom configured to be engaged by the simulated ablation probe and the simulated imaging device, the phantom representing an anatomical feature, and a workstation in electrical communication with the simulated ablation probe, the simulated imaging device, and the phantom. The workstation is configured to display an image including the representation of the anatomical feature represented by the phantom. The image further includes data associated with the position of the simulated ablation probe relative to the representation of the anatomical feature represented by the phantom.

Magnetic field components are measured at multiple longitudinal positions and used to calculate estimated longitudinal position and length of a transversely localized electric current segment flowing across a gap between conductive bodies. The apparatus can be used with a remelting furnace. The electrode and ingot act as the conductive bodies, and arcs, discharges, or slag currents are the current segments spanning the gap. Actuators for movable sensors can be coupled to the sensors in a servomechanism arrangement to move the sensors along with the moving gap. An actuator for moving one of the conductive bodies can be coupled to sensors in a servomechanism arrangement to maintain the gap distance within a selected range as the gap moves.

A recording medium recording a magnetic material simulation program includes: acquiring a shape model including element regions of a shape of a core, property information indicating physical properties of a magnetic material of the core, and coil current information indicating a time change in a current through a coil around the core; specifying a first current density of the coil at a first time, based on the coil current information; computing, using the property information and the first current density, first index values at the first time for positions in the shape model; computing, using the first index values, a charge density of each element region; specifying a second current density of the coil at a second time, based on the coil current information; and computing, using the property information, the second current density, and the charge density, second index values at the second time for the positions.

Apparatus, systems, and methods for magnetic induction tomography imaging using a hand held device are provided. More particularly, a magnetic induction tomography imaging system can include a hand held magnetic induction tomography device having a housing and at least one sensing unit. The housing of the hand held device can have a form factor such that the location of a hand holding the housing is separated from the sensing unit when the hand held device is in operation. The hand held magnetic imaging tomography device can include one or more electrical components separated in the housing (e.g., by shielding) from the at least one sensing unit to reduce electromagnetic interference between the at least one sensing unit and the one or more electrical components. A positioning system involving components included internally and/or externally to the hand held device can be used to determine position data for the hand held device.

In a magnetic field analysis calculation, there is a need to consider a characteristic that a magnetic field and a flux density face in different directions from each other by a stress in a magnetic material. Therefore, a measured value of a magnetic characteristic on a condition that the magnetic field, the magnetic flux density, and a mechanical stress are parallel is used. In a method and a device for magnetic field analysis calculation, a stress magnetic anisotropy is calculated using a relation between a magnetostriction of the magnetic material, the magnetic flux density, and the stress and a relation between a magnetization curve of the magnetic material, the magnetic flux density, and the stress which are measured on a condition that the magnetic field and the stress in the magnetic material are parallel.

A central idea of techniques herein is that by means of modulation or variation of the supply signal of a Hall sensor, the useful signal portion in the resulting sensor output signal can be separated from the offset portion during operation of the Hall sensor, with no previous calibration or previous serial tests. That course of the sensor output signal resulting from the modulation or variation of the supply signal can then be evaluated or decomposed relative to the components which can be attributed to the offset portion and the useful signal portion. Thus, the offset portion in the sensor output signal can be determined with no (or a negligibly small) external magnetic field applied or with an external magnetic field applied, in case the external magnetic field is constant within a tolerance range while determining the offset portion.

A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium stores a magnetic material simulation program that causes a computer to execute a process including: calculating a second electric charge at a specific point in time with respect to a crystal grain model obtained by dividing a magnetic material into sections having a predetermined mesh size, based on a parameter related to the crystal grain model, a first electric charge previously applied to the crystal grain model, and a first magnetic field that previously occurred to the crystal grain model; calculating a second magnetic field and a second magnetic flux density of the crystal grain model at the specific point in time; and repeatedly performing a process of calculating a third electric charge, a third magnetic field, and a third magnetic flux density of the crystal grain model at a following point in time.

The invention relates to method for determining respective transport properties of majority as well as minority charge carriers in a sample (107) comprising the majority and the minority charge carriers that correspond to electrons and holes or vice versa. The method particularly allows to determine the charge carrier density of the majority charge carriers and the charge carrier density of the minority charge carriers. For the method, a plurality of Hall measurement trials is performed on the sample (107), wherein during each Hall measurement trial, the sample (107) is exposed to an illumination intensity I, wherein a Hall coefficient and a conductivity are acquired from each Hall measurement trial, wherein in a first Hall measurement trial, the sample (107) is exposed to a first illumination intensity I.sub.1, in the range of zero to 0.02 suns, particularly wherein the first illumination intensity is zero, and a first Hall coefficient R.sub.H(I.sub.1) and a first conductivity ?(I.sub.1) are acquired, wherein from the first Hall coefficient and the first conductivity, a carrier mobility ?.sub.1 is determined, wherein in a second measurement trial, the sample (107) is exposed to a second illumination intensity I.sub.2 and a second Hall coefficient R.sub.H(I.sub.2) and a second conductivity ?(I.sub.2) are acquired, wherein from the second Hall coefficient and the second conductivity, a second carrier mobility ?.sub.2 is determined, wherein the second illumination intensity I.sub.2 is so high that a charge carrier density of electrons and a charge carrier density of holes in the sample (107) are identical, that the second Hall coefficient asymptotically approaches zero and that a second Hall mobility obtained from the product of the second Hall coefficient and the second conductivity asymptotically approaches a constant value, wherein a third carrier mobility ?.sub.3 is determined from the first and the second carrier mobility, particularly by subtracting the second carrier mobility from the first carrier mobility if the Hall coefficient has the same sign for the first and the second illumination intensity or by adding the second carrier mobility to the first carrier mobility if the Hall coefficient changes its sign for the first and the second illumination intensity, wherein the first carrier mobility ?.sub.1 is assigned to, particularly corresponds to a mobility of the majority charge carriers, ?.sub.2 is assigned to, particularly corresponds the absolute value of the difference between hole and electron mobility, and the third carrier mobility ?.sub.3 is assigned to, particularly corresponds to a mobility o

Multiple magnetic field sensors are arranged around a current-containing volume at multiple longitudinal and circumferential positions. Each sensor measures multiple magnetic field components and is characterized by one or more calibration parameters. A longitudinal primary current flows through two end-to-end electrical conductors that are separated by an arc gap, and flows as at least one longitudinal primary electric arc that spans the arc gap and that moves transversely within the arc gap. Estimated transverse position of the primary electric arc is calculated, based on the longitudinal position of the arc gap, and two or more of the measured magnetic field components along with one or more corresponding sensor positions or calibration parameters. In addition, estimated occurrence, position, and magnitude of a transverse secondary current (i.e., a side arc) can be calculated based on those quantities.