Methods and apparatus for prosing a sensor IC package having first and second sets of magnetic field sensing elements and a third set of magnetic field sensing elements located between the first and second positions, wherein the first, second, and third sets of magnetic field sensing elements have a first axis of sensitivity and a second axis of sensitivity, wherein the first and second axes of sensitivity are orthogonal. The sensor IC package is positioned in relation to a target comprising a two-pole magnet and the first and second axes of sensitivity are perpendicular to an axis about which the target rotates. Differential signals are processed to determine an absolute position of the target. A first secondary angle position is generated from the first and third sets of magnetic field sensing elements.

An electromagnetic gradiometer that includes multiple torsionally operated MEMS-based magnetic and/or electric field sensors with control electronics configured to provide magnetic and/or electric field gradient measurements. In one example a magnetic gradiometer includes a first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor having a capacitive read-out configured to provide a first measurement of a received magnetic field, a second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor coupled to the first torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensor and having the capacitive read-out configured to provide a second measurement of the received magnetic field, and control electronics coupled to the first and second torsionally operated MEMS magnetic sensors and configured to determine a magnetic field gradient of the received magnetic field based the first and second measurements from the first and second torsionally operated MEMS electromagnetic sensors.

An embodiment of the invention relates to a sensor comprising a sensor element (10) for measuring a magnetic field, the sensor element (10) comprising a set of at least two first input ports (I1), a set of at least two exit ports (E) each of which is connected to one of the first input ports (I1) via a corresponding first beam path (B1), a set of at least two second input ports (I2) each of which is connected to a second beam path (B2), wherein the first beam paths (B1) extend through a common plane (CP) located inside the sensor element (10), said plane (CP) comprising a plurality of magneto-optically responsive defect centers, wherein the second beam paths (B2) also extend through said common plane (CP), but are angled with respect to the first beam paths (B1) such that a plurality of intersections between the first and second beam paths (B2) is defined, and wherein each intersection forms a sensor pixel (P) located at at least one of said magneto-optically responsive defect centers.

A brain measurement apparatus configured to generate an MR image and a brain's magnetic field distribution of a subject includes: an MRI module having a transmission coil configured to transmit a transmission pulse toward the subject and a detection coil configured to detect a nuclear magnetic resonance signal generated in the subject by the transmission pulse; an optically pumped magnetometer configured to detect a brain's magnetic field of the subject; a generator configured to generate the MR image based on the nuclear magnetic resonance signal detected by the detection coil and generating the brain's magnetic field distribution based on the brain's magnetic field detected by the optically pumped magnetometer; a marker displayed on the MR image generated by the generator; and a helmet-type frame to which the detection coil, the optically pumped magnetometer, and the marker are attached and which is attached to a head of the subject.

A photonic Rydberg atom radio frequency receiver includes: an integrated photonic chip; an atomic vapor cell; and a receiver member including: a photonic emitter; probe light reflectors disposed on the atomic vapor cell; and coupling light reflectors disposed on the atomic vapor cell such that the pair of coupling light reflectors is optically opposed across the interior vapor space and receives and reflects the coupling laser light so that the coupling laser light is reflected between the coupling light reflectors multiple times in the interior vapor space of the atomic vapor cell.

The disclosure relates to a receiving unit configured for acquiring MR signals from an examination object in a magnetic resonance device. The receiving unit may include a detector unit comprising a light source and a first optical detector, a sensor unit comprising a first optical magnetometer, a first optical waveguide connecting the sensor unit to the light source, and a second optical waveguide connecting the sensor unit to the first optical detector.

Systems and methods for determining orientations measurements are provided. In one aspect, the method includes receiving a magnetic field state of an object, receiving a magnetic field measurement associated with the object, receiving an inertial measurement unit (IMU) measurement associated with the object, receiving a previous gravitational state term associated with the object, determining a gravitational acceleration state term based on the IMU measurement and the previous gravitational state term, determining a magnetic field state term based on the IMU measurement, the magnetic field measurement, and the gravitational acceleration term, and determining an orientation of the object using the gravitational acceleration state term and the magnetic field state term. The magnetic field measurement may be received from a magnetometer, and the IMU measurement may be received from a gyroscope and an accelerometer.

A single-chip two-axis magnetoresistive angle sensor comprises a substrate located in an X-Y plane, a push-pull X-axis magnetoresistive angle sensor and a push-pull Y-axis magnetoresistive angle sensor located on the substrate. The push-pull X-axis magnetoresistive angle sensor comprises an X push arm and an X pull arm. The push-pull Y-axis magnetoresistive angle sensor comprises a Y push arm and a Y pull arm. Each of the X push, X pull, Y push arm, and Y pull arms comprises at least one magnetoresistive angle sensing array unit. The magnetic field sensing directions of the magnetoresistive angle sensing array units of the X push, X pull, Y push, and Y pull arms are along +X, −X, +Y and −Y directions respectively. Each magnetoresistive sensing unit comprises a TMR or GMR spin-valve having the same magnetic multi-layer film structure. A magnetization direction of an anti-ferromagnetic layer is set into a desired orientation through the use of a laser controlled magnetic annealing, and a magnetic field attenuation layer can be deposited in the surface of the magnetoresistance angle sensing unit.

The present invention provides an electric current sensor comprising a substrate and MR sensing circuit. The substrate has a first surface along a first axis and a second axis. The MR sensing circuit is utilized to detect a magnetic filed about a third axis. The MR sensing circuit is formed onto the first surface and has a plurality of MR sensor pairs. Each MR sensor in each MR sensor pair has a plurality of conductive structures, wherein the conductive structures of one MR sensor are symmetrically arranged. Alternatively, the present invention provides an electric current sensing device using a pair of electric sensors symmetrically arranged at two lateral sides of a conductive wire having an electric current flowing therethrough for eliminating the magnetic field along Z axis generated by external environment.

A drug delivery system including: an oblong housing including a setting structure to set a dose of a drug via an angular position; and a sensor structure to determine the dose, including a magnet and a magnetic sensor, arranged so that at least one of an angular position and a displacement of the magnetic sensor relative to the magnet may be determined as a function of the electrical resistance of the magnetic sensor. The sensor structure is arranged in relation to the setting structure so that the angular position of the setting structure is determined as a function of the angular position and/or the displacement of the magnetic sensor. A sensor structure is also described including: a flexible foil, including a magnetic sensor, in a cylindrical shape configuration comprising an axis; and a magnet arranged at a line parallel to or collinear with the axis.