A metal detector includes a balanced coil system with a transmitter coil connected to a transmitter unit, which provides a transmitter signal (s1) with at least one fixed/selectable transmitter frequency or a waveform having at least two different transmitter frequencies. First and a second receiver coils provide output signals to a receiver unit, which can include first and second phase detectors in which the output signals are compared with reference signals that correspond to the at least one transmitter frequency and are offset to each other in phase in order to produce in-phase components and quadrature components, which are forwarded to a signal processing unit to suppress signal components originating from goods or noise, and to process signal components originating from metal contaminants.

A traffic monitoring system includes an electron spin defect magnetometer in a vicinity of a roadway, the electron spin defect magnetometer configured to detect magnetic field signals induced by transit entities in the vicinity of the roadway. The electron spin defect magnetometer includes an electron spin defect body including a plurality of lattice point defects, an optical source arranged to excite the plurality of lattice point defects, and a photodetector arranged to receive photoluminescence emitted by the plurality of lattice point defects.

A metal detection apparatus has a passage channel (100) through which products (P) that may contain metal contaminants (C) pass. The apparatus has at least one transmitter unit (1) that provides transmitter signals to a transmitter coil (2) that is inductively coupled to a first and a second receiver coil (31; 32). The receiver coils are balanced and connected separately or combined to an input of a receiver unit (4). The transmitter coil has at least two coil sections (211, 212; 221, 222) that are arranged inclined to one another, with each coil section generating at least a first and a second magnetic field (M.sub.y; M.sub.Z). Each of the first and the second receiver coils has at least a first coil section (311; 321) that is engaged in the first magnetic field and at least a second coil section (312; 322) that is engaged in the second magnetic field.

A test fixture for testing magnetic heads to be used in a magnetic data recording system. The test fixture includes a test fixture body that includes lead terminals. The lead terminals, which can be constructed of Si have a top surface and first and second laterally opposed sides. An electrically conductive material is formed over the lead terminal and extends down the sides of the lead terminal. Extending the lead terminal down the sides of the lead terminal as well as over the top surface provides improved adhesion of the electrically conductive lead material to the lead terminal. This improved adhesion is especially beneficial for use in such a test fixture, because the test fixture is designed to flex during use, which would otherwise contribute to de-lamination of the electrically conductive lead material from the lead terminal.

An apparatus for measuring material properties of an object of ferromagnetic material, the apparatus including a probe, the probe including an electromagnet core defining two spaced-apart poles for inducing a magnetic field in the object, and a drive coil wound around the electromagnet core, and means to supply an alternating electric current to the drive coil to generate an alternating magnetic field in the electromagnet core and consequently in the object, wherein the probe also includes two sensing coils arranged in the vicinity of each of the poles, for sensing the magnetic flux density that links the core and the object, such sensing coils are significantly more sensitive to changes in material properties than are sensing coils overwound onto the drive coil.

An apparatus for measuring material properties of an object of ferromagnetic material, the apparatus including a probe, the probe including an electromagnet core defining two spaced-apart poles for inducing a magnetic field in the object, and a drive coil wound around the electromagnet core, and means to supply an alternating electric current to the drive coil to generate an alternating magnetic field in the electromagnet core and consequently in the object, wherein the probe also includes two sensing coils arranged in the vicinity of each of the poles, for sensing the magnetic flux density that links the core and the object, such sensing coils are significantly more sensitive to changes in material properties than are sensing coils overwound onto the drive coil.

Systems for determining a variability in a state of a medium include one or more transmit elements or antennas and one or more receive elements or antennas which are relatively decoupled from one another. The transmit and receive elements or antennas can be less than 95% coupled to one another. The system also includes a transmit circuit configured to generate a transmit signal to be transmitted, which is in a radio or microwave frequency range of the electromagnetic spectrum. The system also includes a receive circuit configured to receive a response detected by the at least one receive antenna resulting from transmission of the transmit signal into the medium. The system includes a processor configured to determine the variability in the state of the medium based on processing of the response over time. The variability can further be used to direct notifications or automated actions.

Magnetic material imaging (MMI) system including first and second sets of field-generating coils. Each of the field-generating coils of the first and second sets has an elongated segment that extends along an imaging axis of the medical imaging system. The imaging axis extends through a region-of-interest (ROI) of an object. The elongated segments of the first set of field-generating coils are positioned opposite the elongated segments of the second set of field-generating coils and the ROI is located between the first and second sets of field-generating coils. The MMI system also includes a coil-control module configured to control a flow of current through the first and second sets of field-generating coils to generate a selection field and to generate a drive field. The selection and drive fields combine to form a movable 1D field free region (FFR) that extends through the ROI.

A method of determining a NMR prediction result of a sample is provided. The method can include receiving a NMR spectrum of the sample and/or identifying a section of a ppm range in the NMR spectrum having a non-stationary peak. The method can include determining a modified data point for the NMR spectrum based on data points in the identified section. The modified data point can be determined such that the modified data point is a weighted average value of the data points in the identified section in the NMR spectrum. The method can include replacing the identified section in the NMR spectrum with the modified data point for the NMR spectrum to determine a modified NMR spectrum. The method can include determining the NMR prediction result of the sample based on the modified NMR spectrum and a calibration vector (e.g., using a partial least square (PLS) analysis).

A method of determining a NMR prediction result of a sample is provided. The method can include receiving a NMR spectrum of the sample and/or identifying a section of a ppm range in the NMR spectrum having a non-stationary peak. The method can include determining a modified data point for the NMR spectrum based on data points in the identified section. The modified data point can be determined such that the modified data point is a weighted average value of the data points in the identified section in the NMR spectrum. The method can include replacing the identified section in the NMR spectrum with the modified data point for the NMR spectrum to determine a modified NMR spectrum. The method can include determining the NMR prediction result of the sample based on the modified NMR spectrum and a calibration vector (e.g., using a partial least square (PLS) analysis).