A probe pin alignment apparatus includes a beam-splitting element, an image-sensing device and a light-reflecting element. The beam-splitting element has a first illuminating surface facing a probe element, a second illuminating surface facing an object, and a light incident surface. The beam-splitting element has a semi-reflective surface for reflecting a light beam from the light incident surface to the probe element. The image-sensing device is disposed externally to the light incident surface of the beam-splitting element. The light-reflecting element, disposed oppositely to the light incident surface, allows a light beam to pass through the semi-reflective surface to be reflected back to the semi-reflective surface to be further projected onto the object. The beam-splitting element outputs a probe image and an object image from the first and second illuminating surfaces through the light incident surface. The image-sensing device is to capture the probe image and the object image for performing alignment.

A test system is provided. The system includes a first test apparatus and a second test apparatus. A device power supply of the first test apparatus (ATE) is electrically connected with a device under test (DUT) through a driving branch (F) and a detecting branch (S), the driving branch (F) being configured to provide an original driving current to the DUT b the device power supply during testing, and the detecting branch (S) being configured to detect an effective driving current reaching the DUT. The second test apparatus includes a first voltage drop branch, the first voltage drop branch is connected to the detecting branch (S), and a voltage drop detected by the driving branch (F) is used to determine an effectiveness of an electrical connection formed between the driving branch and the device under test, and an electrical connection formed between the detecting branch (S) and the DUT.

A test system is provided. The system includes a first test apparatus and a second test apparatus. A device power supply of the first test apparatus (ATE) is electrically connected with a device under test (DUT) through a driving branch (F) and a detecting branch (S), the driving branch (F) being configured to provide an original driving current to the DUT b the device power supply during testing, and the detecting branch (S) being configured to detect an effective driving current reaching the DUT. The second test apparatus includes a first voltage drop branch, the first voltage drop branch is connected to the detecting branch (S), and a voltage drop detected by the driving branch (F) is used to determine an effectiveness of an electrical connection formed between the driving branch and the device under test, and an electrical connection formed between the detecting branch (S) and the DUT.

A solid-state power controller (SSPC) system with a built-in-test circuit includes a SSPC field-effect transistor (FET) switch. The system includes a current sense resistor electrically connected to the SSPC FET switch in series. A resistor is electrically connected to the current sense resistor in series. A switch is electrically connected to the resistor in series. A method for testing a current sense resistor value in a solid-state power controller (SSPC) system includes determining a cycle count, generating a new bit with a processing unit, and outputting the new bit to a switch operatively connected to the processing unit to at least one of turn the switch on or turn the switch off. The method includes reading a load current with the processing unit to determine whether a current sense resistor electrically coupled to the switch is operating within a desired resistance range.

An electric power control unit configured to control drive power of a three-phase alternating current to be supplied to an electric motor may include: an inverter configured to convert a direct current to the three-phase alternating current; first and second current sensors, each of which is configured to measure a first-phase current in the three-phase alternating current; third and fourth current sensors, each of which is configured to measure a second-phase current in the three-phase alternating current; and a controller configured to control the inverter, and under a condition in which the first current sensor fails, when measured values of the second, the third, and the fourth current sensors do not coincide with each other while the inverter is shut down, the controller may stop to further supply the drive power to the electric motor.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include methods, apparatuses, systems, and computer program product for enabling multi-point shunt calibration of a sensor device. Multi-point shunt calibration provides at least a first, second, and third simulated calibration output, each simulated calibration output corresponding to an actual reading value and an expected reading value. The simulated calibration outputs are associated with a predefined output sequence, where each simulated calibration output is separated from an adjacent simulated calibration output by an output step size. Some embodiments are configured for automatically outputting each simulated calibration output for a particular period of time before outputting an adjacent simulated calibration output in the predefined output sequence. The various simulated calibration outputs, actual reading values, and/or expected values may be used in determining calibrated reading values for the sensor device.

A measuring sensor, a measuring device, a detection module, a measuring method and a calibration method are disclosed. In an embodiment a measuring sensor includes at least one inductive current transformer configured to generate an electrical measurement signal dependent on a current flow in a conductor passing through the inductive current transformer, a terminal configured to connect the inductive current transformer to a measuring transducer, wherein the inductive current transformer is electrically connected to at least two terminal contacts of the terminal in order to transmit the electrical measuring signal to the measuring transducer and a detection module connected between the inductive current transformer and the two terminal contacts, wherein the detection module is configured to return a response signal when a retrieval signal is applied to the two terminal contacts.

Disclosed is an intelligent on-line diagnosis method for winding deformation of power transformer. When a transformer is subjected to short-circuit shock or transportation collision, transformer windings may undergo local twisting, swelling or the like under the action of an electric power or mechanical force, which is called winding deformation and will cause a huge hidden danger to the safe operation of the power network. Commonly used diagnosis methods for winding deformation are all off-line diagnosis methods, which have the disadvantages that transformers need to be shut down and highly skilled operators are required. The present invention provide an intelligent on-line diagnosis method for winding deformation on the basis of combination of information entropy and support vector machine. By carrying out feature extraction of current and voltage signals based on permutation entropy and wavelet entropy, integrating the variation of the monitoring indicators of the power transformers in complexity, time-frequency domain and the like and automatically learning the diagnostic logic from fault features through the machine learning algorithm, intelligent diagnosis of winding deformation is realized, thereby reducing labor costs and improving diagnosis efficiency.

A device including at least two transfomers, wherein: each winding of a transformer is electrically in series with a winding of another transformer, and the transformers have a transformation ratio different from one.

A device including at least two transfomers, wherein: each winding of a transformer is electrically in series with a winding of another transformer, and the transformers have a transformation ratio different from one.