A visual positioning system for mobile devices includes at least one infrared camera, at least one infrared illumination source, and a processor that coordinates operation of the at least one camera and illumination sources. A flood IR infrared illumination source illuminates environmental objects for localization of the mobile device during a first camera exposure window, and a structured IR illumination source illuminate environmental objects for detection and mapping of obstacles during a second camera exposure window. A visual SLAM map is constructed with images obtained from a first camera, with a single map being useable for positioning and navigation across a variety of environmental lighting conditions. A method for training a robot includes receiving operator input signals configured to start and stop recording of defined routes during the guiding of the mobile robot along paths between different pairs of desired robot destinations, such that routes for subsequent use by the robot are generated for paths imaged while recording is active.

A tracking beacon is provided that is trackable using image sensors. The beacon includes a housing with a lower portion and an upper portion. The upper portion include a light diffusing structure with protrusions to help scatter the emitted light in different directions. A light source is positioned within the housing, and electrical contacts are positioned on an external surface of the lower portion.

A location tracking system using encoded light beams emitted from a stationary beacon and a receiver mounted onto an object within a three-dimensional (3D) space within the field of view of the stationary beacon. The receiver receives and processes the encoded light beams from two or more stationary beacons. The receiver is configured to decode information from the received light beams and to calculate the position of the object within the 3D space over a span of several meters, with resolution in the range of a few mm or cm. The receiver location is calculated as a single point at the intersection of three light beam or angular planes. A typical configuration of one-dimensional array beacon consists of a plurality of light sources mounted on a cylindrical curved surface of a particular radius. A vertical apodizing slit placed at the center of the circular curve limits the horizontal angular profile of encoded light beams as can be seen or received by the receiver in the far field to roughly 1-5 encoded light beams at a time. Each light source emits a light beam encoded with a unique code that allows the receiver to identify the light source that emitted the light beam. Certain signal processing techniques allow the receiver to detect, process, and decode information from the light beam including light intensity profile of each received light beam. This information is used by the receiver to infer a point where the receiver is located at the intersection of three angular planes where it is located relative to the beacons, and thus the location of the object is fully determined in 3D space.

Circuits for controlling magnetic-based tracking systems are described. These systems may be used in virtual reality applications, for example to track in real-time the location of one or more body parts. The systems use a beacon emitting mutually orthogonal magnetic fields. On the receiver side, one or more sensors disposed on different parts of a body receive the magnetic fields. The beacon includes switching amplifiers for driving the magnetic field emitters. Being binary, these amplifiers may be controlled by binary signals. The circuits may exhibit a resonant frequency response, and may be operated off-resonance, thus providing for a better control of the magnetic fields amplitude. As a result, however, fluctuations in the envelop of the magnetic fields due to the presence of a beating tone may arise. These fluctuations may be shortened by gradually activating the drivers for the magnetic field emitters.

A system (100) for communicating a presence of a device via a light source (110) configured to emit light comprising an embedded code is disclosed. The system (100) comprises: a controller (102) comprising: a receiver (106) configured to receive a response signal from a first device (120), which response signal comprises an identifier of the first device (120), and which response signal is indicative of that the embedded code has been detected by the first device (120), and a processor (104) configured to correlate the embedded code with the identifier of the first device (120), such that the embedded code is representative of the identifier of the first device (120).

Apparatuses, components and methods are provided herein useful to provide assistance to customers and/or workers in a shopping facility. In some embodiments, a shopping facility personal assistance system comprises: a plurality of motorized transport units located in and configured to move through a shopping facility space; a plurality of user interface units, each corresponding to a respective motorized transport unit during use of the respective motorized transport unit; and a central computer system having a network interface such that the central computer system wirelessly communicates with one or both of the plurality of motorized transport units and the plurality of user interface units, wherein the central computer system is configured to control movement of the plurality of motorized transport units through the shopping facility space based at least on inputs from the plurality of user interface units.

Apparatuses, components and methods are provided herein useful to provide assistance to customers and/or workers in a shopping facility. In some embodiments, a shopping facility personal assistance system comprises: a plurality of motorized transport units located in and configured to move through a shopping facility space; a plurality of user interface units, each corresponding to a respective motorized transport unit during use of the respective motorized transport unit; and a central computer system having a network interface such that the central computer system wirelessly communicates with one or both of the plurality of motorized transport units and the plurality of user interface units, wherein the central computer system is configured to control movement of the plurality of motorized transport units through the shopping facility space based at least on inputs from the plurality of user interface units.

A visible light positioning receiver arrangement for obtaining spatial position information of the receiver arrangement from a plurality of luminaires (5), at least one of the luminaires including at least one associated modulated light source for transmitting a light signal providing positional information of one or more reference points associated with the luminaire, said receiver arrangement including: an imaging receiver for capturing an image of the luminaires and associated said reference point(s); and a non-imaging receiver (7) for estimating an angle of arrival (AOA) of light from each said modulated light source, and for decoding the reference point positional information therefrom; wherein said AOA information and reference point positional information from the non-imaging receiver is matched to the image captured by the imaging receiver to obtain said spatial position information.

An active marker device, and method of design thereof, for use in a motion tracking system are provided. In one arrangement, the device comprises a mounting body comprising a mounting surface. A plurality of light emitting units are mounted on respective mounting portions of the mounting surface. A control system controls the plurality of light emitting units such that light is emitted simultaneously from a selected subset of light emitting units. A plurality of optical elements are mounted on the mounting surface. Each optical element covers a different one of the light emitting units and is configured so that an inner surface of the optical element is separated from an outer surface of the light emitting unit. Each optical element redirects a portion of light emitted by the light emitting unit covered by the optical element to be more parallel to the mounting portion of the light emitting unit.

An active marker device, and method of design thereof, for use in a motion tracking system are provided. In one arrangement, the device comprises a mounting body comprising a mounting surface. A plurality of light emitting units are mounted on respective mounting portions of the mounting surface. A control system controls the plurality of light emitting units such that light is emitted simultaneously from a selected subset of light emitting units. A plurality of optical elements are mounted on the mounting surface. Each optical element covers a different one of the light emitting units and is configured so that an inner surface of the optical element is separated from an outer surface of the light emitting unit. Each optical element redirects a portion of light emitted by the light emitting unit covered by the optical element to be more parallel to the mounting portion of the light emitting unit.