The present disclosure provides a neutral atom imaging unit, a neutral atom imager, a neutral atom imaging method, and a space detection system. The neutral atom imaging unit includes at least one set of detection units, the at least one set of detection units includes: at least one semiconductor detector line array, each semiconductor detector line array includes a semiconductor detector strip composed of a plurality of semiconductor detectors; and at least one modulation grid. The modulation grid includes a slit and a slat forming the slit; the modulation grid includes a plurality of grid periods, each of the grid periods includes n slits, the width of the semiconductor detector strip is d, and the width (w.sub.i) of the i-th slit of the modulation grid satisfies the following relationship: $w_i=\frac{n}{i}\times d.$

The present disclosure provides a neutral atom imaging unit, a neutral atom imager, a neutral atom imaging method, and a space detection system. The neutral atom imaging unit includes at least one set of detection units, the at least one set of detection units includes: at least one semiconductor detector line array, each semiconductor detector line array includes a semiconductor detector strip composed of a plurality of semiconductor detectors; and at least one modulation grid. The modulation grid includes a slit and a slat forming the slit; the modulation grid includes a plurality of grid periods, each of the grid periods includes n slits, the width of the semiconductor detector strip is d, and the width (w.sub.i) of the i-th slit of the modulation grid satisfies the following relationship: $w_i=\frac{n}{i}\times d.$

There is provided a radiation detection apparatus capable of effectively discriminating between noise and X-ray signal. The radiation detection apparatus includes a detector for detecting radiation and producing a detector output signal, a first differential filter having a time constant and operative to differentiate and convert the detector output signal into a first pulsed signal, a second differential filter having a time constant greater than that of the first differential filter and operative to differentiate and convert the detector output signal into a second pulsed signal, and a noise detection section for detecting noise based on the difference in timing between peaks of the first and second pulsed signals.

There is provided a radiation detection apparatus capable of effectively discriminating between noise and X-ray signal. The radiation detection apparatus includes a detector for detecting radiation and producing a detector output signal, a first differential filter having a time constant and operative to differentiate and convert the detector output signal into a first pulsed signal, a second differential filter having a time constant greater than that of the first differential filter and operative to differentiate and convert the detector output signal into a second pulsed signal, and a noise detection section for detecting noise based on the difference in timing between peaks of the first and second pulsed signals.

A circuit arrangement for charge integration may include an input for applying a signal representing charge pulses, an output for providing an integrated signal, and an integrating circuit connected between the input and the output, comprising a resistive circuit and a capacitor and having an RC time constant which is a function of the resistive circuit and the capacitor. The circuit arrangement may include a feedback control circuit connected at its input, to the output of the circuit arrangement and providing, at its output, a control signal, where at least one of the resistive circuit and the capacitor has a variable value based on the control signal.

A signal processing method counting step waves in response to detection of radiation or pulse waves obtained by converting the step waves by wave height, comprising: inputting signal value sequence in response to the detection of the radiation to a learning model outputting, when time-series signal value sequence is input, information related to presence or absence of the step wave or the pulse wave in a signal configured with the signal value sequence or information related to a wave height of the step wave or the pulse wave in the signal; and counting the step wave or the pulse wave by wave height according to the information output by the learning model.

A signal processing method counting step waves in response to detection of radiation or pulse waves obtained by converting the step waves by wave height, comprising: inputting signal value sequence in response to the detection of the radiation to a learning model outputting, when time-series signal value sequence is input, information related to presence or absence of the step wave or the pulse wave in a signal configured with the signal value sequence or information related to a wave height of the step wave or the pulse wave in the signal; and counting the step wave or the pulse wave by wave height according to the information output by the learning model.

A detector includes a substrate including a matrix of aramid nanofibers, a distribution of nanoparticles across the matrix of aramid nanofibers, and a plurality of organic capping ligands. Each organic capping ligand of the plurality of organic capping ligands bonds a respective nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles to a respective aramid nanofiber of the matrix of aramid nanofibers. The detector further includes first and second electrodes disposed along opposite sides of the substrate to capture charges generated by photons or particles incident upon the detector. Each nanoparticle of the plurality of nanoparticles has a semiconductor composition.

A sensor for spectroscopic measurement of alpha and beta particles includes first and second layers, a photomultiplier, and an analyzer. A first material of the first layer scintillates a first stream of photons for each of the alpha particles. However, the beta particles pass through the first layer. A second material of the second layer scintillates a second stream of photons for each of the beta particles, but passes the first stream of photons for each alpha particle. The photomultiplier amplifies the first and second streams of photons for the alpha and beta particles into an electrical signal. The electrical signal includes a respective pulse for each of the alpha and beta particles. From the electrical signal, the analyzer determines a respective energy of each of the alpha and/or beta particles from a shape of the respective pulse for each of the alpha and beta particles.

The present disclosure provides a gamma camera imaging method and a gamma camera imaging device. The method includes: selecting, from energy spectrums captured by a gamma camera on one or more radioactive materials, one or more energy ranges of each radioactive material among the one or more radioactive materials as one or more monitored energy regions of the radioactive material; performing image reconstruction on the monitored energy regions of each radioactive material among the one or more radioactive materials; performing normalization on images obtained through the image reconstruction; and performing superimposing on the normalized images to form a composite image.