The disclosed embodiments include systems and methods to evaluate a formation dip of a formation bedding. The system includes memory configured to store a color image indicative of a log of a formation bedding. The system also includes a processor configured to execute instructions to filter colors of the color image to determine one or more cusps of the formation dip, and cross correlate a reference wave with the one or more cusps of the formation dip to match curvatures of the reference wave with the one or more cusps of the formation dip illustrated in the color image, wherein the curvatures of the reference wave are based on one or more parameters of the formation bedding. The processor is further operable to generate a wave that matches the one or more cusps of the formation dip with the reference wave, where the wave is indicative of the formation dip.

A magneto-quasistatic field may be used to align hydrogen of materials within a structure and/or to disrupt the alignment of hydrogen of materials within the structure. Realignment of the hydrogen after the disruption may cause emission of energy from the hydrogen. The characteristic(s) of the energy may be detected and used to generate image(s) of interior portion(s) of the structure.

A magneto-quasistatic field may be used to align hydrogen of materials within a structure and/or to disrupt the alignment of hydrogen of materials within the structure. Realignment of the hydrogen after the disruption may cause emission of energy from the hydrogen. The characteristic(s) of the energy may be detected and used to generate image(s) of interior portion(s) of the structure.

A direction-finding and positioning system of electromagnetic emission of coal or rock fracture includes a three-axis electromagnetic sensor array, a signal acquisition module and a direction-finding and positioning terminal; the three-axis electromagnetic sensor array is composed of at least four three-axis electromagnetic sensors configured to synchronously sense magnetic field strength in three-axis direction based on a tunnel magneto resistance technology, and obtain a real magnetic field vector in space by measuring; the signal acquisition module is configured to acquire magnetic field vector variable information of multiple measuring points in real-time, and after extracting magnetic field vector variable parameters, transmitting the magnetic field vector variable parameters to the direction-finding and positioning terminal; the direction-finding and positioning terminal is configured to perform direction-finding and positioning calculations according to the magnetic field vector variable parameters received, and performing a three-dimensional dynamic visual display to positioning results, positioning time, and positioning coordinates.

A direction-finding and positioning system of electromagnetic emission of coal or rock fracture includes a three-axis electromagnetic sensor array, a signal acquisition module and a direction-finding and positioning terminal; the three-axis electromagnetic sensor array is composed of at least four three-axis electromagnetic sensors configured to synchronously sense magnetic field strength in three-axis direction based on a tunnel magneto resistance technology, and obtain a real magnetic field vector in space by measuring; the signal acquisition module is configured to acquire magnetic field vector variable information of multiple measuring points in real-time, and after extracting magnetic field vector variable parameters, transmitting the magnetic field vector variable parameters to the direction-finding and positioning terminal; the direction-finding and positioning terminal is configured to perform direction-finding and positioning calculations according to the magnetic field vector variable parameters received, and performing a three-dimensional dynamic visual display to positioning results, positioning time, and positioning coordinates.

A method for waveform inversion, the method including receiving observed data d, wherein the observed data d is recorded with sensors and is indicative of a subsurface of the earth; calculating estimated data p, based on a model m of the subsurface; calculating, using a trained neural network, a misfit function J.sub.ML; and calculating an updated model m.sub.t+1 of the subsurface, based on an application of the misfit function J.sub.ML to the observed data d and the estimated data p.

A magnetic susceptibility and conductivity tool (10) which incorporates a transmitter coil (4) energized with a time-varying current from a transmitter coil drive (13). The transmitter coil drive receives a clock signal and induces a data signal (99) including a primary mutual coupling signal and a formation coupling signal. A receiver coil (1) outputs a receiver coil voltage induced by the data signal. A transmitter coil current sense circuit (15) receives current from the transmitter coil and outputs a digital coil current voltage signal. A synthetic null circuit (14) receives the digital current voltage signal and multiplies the digital current voltage signal with a predetermined constant (28) for amplitude of a base primary mutual coupling signal and shifts phase with a predetermined phase offset (27) to output a synthetic null signal (104).

The present disclosure provides a device and methods for determining the original stratum direction of a core. The device includes a confining pressure pump, a resistance meter, and a core holder composed of upper and lower portions. The present disclosure further provides three methods for determining the original stratum direction of the core. The three methods respectively use the device to measure resistance values at different positions of the core, and compare a test result with an imaging result of resistivity imaging logging data to determine the rock direction of the core in a stratum.

The present disclosure provides a device and methods for determining the original stratum direction of a core. The device includes a confining pressure pump, a resistance meter, and a core holder composed of upper and lower portions. The present disclosure further provides three methods for determining the original stratum direction of the core. The three methods respectively use the device to measure resistance values at different positions of the core, and compare a test result with an imaging result of resistivity imaging logging data to determine the rock direction of the core in a stratum.

An electronic device includes: a housing including a first surface facing a first direction; and a second surface facing a second direction opposite to the first direction, wherein an inner space is formed between the first surface and the second surface; a board disposed in the inner space; a geomagnetic sensor disposed on the board; and a processor. The geomagnetic sensor is configured to detect a first magnetic force, when a first cover part of the cover, including a first magnetic member, is disposed to cover the first surface from the first direction of the electronic device, and detect a second magnetic force, when a second cover part of the cover, including a second magnetic member, is disposed to cover the second surface from the second direction of the electronic device in a state where the first cover part is disposed to cover the first surface from the first direction of the electronic device.