A system for georeferencing three-dimensional (3D) geometric data associated with a global positioning system (GPS)-denied environment. The system includes an apparatus couplable to a mobile platform and a computing system communicably couplable with the apparatus. The apparatus includes a processing circuit and a range sensor and/or a camera. The computing system includes a 3D generator module configured to generate a digital 3D model of the GPS-denied environment based on data acquired by the range sensor and/or the camera, a 3D survey control generator module configured to identify a survey control point within the GPS-denied environment and generate a 3D digital anchor within the 3D model of the GPS-denied environment, a georeferencing module configured to apply one or more non-rigid transformations to the 3D model of the GPS-denied environment, and a second processing circuit communicably couplable with the 3D generator module, the 3D survey control generator module and the georeferencing module.

The disclosed embodiments include thin film multivariate optical element and detector combinations, thin film optical detectors, and downhole optical computing systems. In one embodiment, a thin film multivariate optical element and detector combination includes at least one layer of multivariate optical element having patterns that manipulate at least one spectrum of optical signals. The thin film multivariate optical element and detector combination also includes at least one layer of detector film that converts optical signals into electrical signals. The thin film optical detector further includes a substrate. The at least one layer of multivariate optical element and the at least one layer of detector film are deposited on the substrate.

The disclosed embodiments include thin film multivariate optical element and detector combinations, thin film optical detectors, and downhole optical computing systems. In one embodiment, a thin film multivariate optical element and detector combination includes at least one layer of multivariate optical element having patterns that manipulate at least one spectrum of optical signals. The thin film multivariate optical element and detector combination also includes at least one layer of detector film that converts optical signals into electrical signals. The thin film optical detector further includes a substrate. The at least one layer of multivariate optical element and the at least one layer of detector film are deposited on the substrate.

Embodiments include a method for retrieving atmospheric aerosol based on statistical segmentation. Firstly a multi-band remote sensing image including an apparent reflectance and an aerosol optical thickness look-up table corresponding to a retrieval band is obtained, then pixels are partitioned and screened according to apparent reflectance segments of a mid-infrared 2.1 micrometer band. After that the retained pixel sets are further partitioned and screened according to the apparent reflectance segments of the mid-infrared 1.6 micrometer band. Finally the obtained pixel sets are partitioned into two categories according to the pixel number, one category including pixels having more pixels, the other including those with less pixels. The category with more pixels is taken as the reference part for retrieval.

Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method for annotating an augmented reality display. An indication that a user is present at a digital stop in a geographical region is received by an augmented reality (AR) device. 3D annotation information associated with a 3D location of the AR device in a 3D reconstructed map of the real world is received. A virtual reality display that overlays, in real-time, the 3D annotation information onto real-world objects in the geographical region is provided. A location of the AR device is determined and tracked using a six degrees-of-freedom localization system. A visual view of the AR device is associated with a pre-acquired 3D point-based model. Features of real-world objects are annotated. Simultaneous localization and mapping of the AR device and the visual view are performed to annotate 3D features during movement of the AR device. Features of the real-world objects are annotated.

Systems and methods include a computer-implemented method for annotating an augmented reality display. An indication that a user is present at a digital stop in a geographical region is received by an augmented reality (AR) device. 3D annotation information associated with a 3D location of the AR device in a 3D reconstructed map of the real world is received. A virtual reality display that overlays, in real-time, the 3D annotation information onto real-world objects in the geographical region is provided. A location of the AR device is determined and tracked using a six degrees-of-freedom localization system. A visual view of the AR device is associated with a pre-acquired 3D point-based model. Features of real-world objects are annotated. Simultaneous localization and mapping of the AR device and the visual view are performed to annotate 3D features during movement of the AR device. Features of the real-world objects are annotated.

Faded channels in a distributed acoustic sensing system can be mitigated using a phase modulator. A first pulse and a second pulse of an optical signal can be determined. A phase modulator can modulate the first pulse to have a different wavelength than the second pulse. The first pulse can be launched into a sensing fiber that extends into a wellbore. A first backscattered signal can be received from the sensing fiber in response to the first pulse being launched into the sensing fiber. The second pulse can be launched into the sensing fiber and a second backscattered signal can be received from the sensing fiber. Data about an environment of the wellbore can be determined by processing the first backscattered signal and the second backscattered signal to compensate for fading in the first backscattered signal or the second backscattered signal.

One aspect provides a method, including: obtaining sensor data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); the sensor data comprising data obtained by one or more sensors of the UAV; analyzing, using a processor, the sensor data to detect underground water associated with a pipe; and identifying, with the processor, an underground feature based on the analyzing. Other aspects are described and claimed.

One aspect provides a method, including: obtaining sensor data from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); the sensor data comprising data obtained by one or more sensors of the UAV; analyzing, using a processor, the sensor data to detect underground water associated with a pipe; and identifying, with the processor, an underground feature based on the analyzing. Other aspects are described and claimed.

A land analysis system uses drone-captured images to detect plant health and/or soil moisture levels at a site. For example, the system instructs a drone to fly along a flight path, capture images of the land below, and measure altitude data. The system processes the images using, for example, artificial intelligence, to identify locations at which plant material may be present. The system then further processes the images to identify the plant health of the plant material at the identified locations. The system further uses the altitude data to determine the strata of plants at the identified locations. Optionally, the system can further process the images to identify the soil moisture levels at the identified locations.