A quasi-optical waveguide apparatus includes a waveguide having a chamber formed by a substantially cylindrical body and configured to propagate terahertz radiation. A plurality of windows are included wherein each window is coupled to a respective end of the waveguide such that the chamber is substantially sealed from the ambient atmosphere. The plurality of windows are transparent to the terahertz radiation.

A soil mapping system for collecting and mapping soil reflectance data in a field includes an implement having a furrow opener for creating a furrow and an optical module. The optical module is arranged to collect soil reflectance data at a predetermined depth within the furrow as the implement traverses a field. The optical module includes two monochromatic light sources, a window arranged to press against the soil, and a photodiode for receiving light reflected back from the soil through the window. The two light sources have different wavelengths and are modulated at different frequencies. The photodiode provides a modulated voltage output signal that contains reflectance data from both of the light sources. Additional measurement devices are carried by the implement for collecting additional soil property data, such as electrical conductivity, pH, and elevation, which can be used together with the optical data to determine variations in soil organic matter.

A system may include a downhole tool conveyable into a wellbore on a conveyance, and a plurality of sensing devices positioned at a distal end of the downhole tool to emit wave energy in an axial direction within the wellbore. At least a portion of the wave energy are reflected by one or more wellbore hazards and received by the plurality of sensing devices. The system further includes a data acquisition system communicatively coupled to the downhole tool to receive and process reflected wave energy and thereby identify the one or more wellbore hazards.

An analytical method that establishes a thermodynamic equilibrium or known dynamic relationship between the concentrations of gases, natural gas liquids and oils or pressures of gasses in an isolated zone of a shale, or group of distinct shale gas intervals, with the concentrations of fluids or pressures of gasses in a wellbore penetrating the shale interval or intervals. An analytical method for identifying the chemical composition of gas, natural gas liquids and oils and determining their origin in an isolated zone of a shale, or group of distinct shale gas intervals with the identification of chemical composition of gas, natural gas liquids and oils in a wellbore penetrating the shale interval or intervals. A surface measurement apparatus capable of performing the measurement ex-situ. A downhole measurement apparatus capable of reliably performing the measurement in-situ and a downhole straddle-packer assembly capable of isolating part of, or an entire shale interval.

An analytical method that establishes a thermodynamic equilibrium or known dynamic relationship between the concentrations of gases, natural gas liquids and oils or pressures of gasses in an isolated zone of a shale, or group of distinct shale gas intervals, with the concentrations of fluids or pressures of gasses in a wellbore penetrating the shale interval or intervals. An analytical method for identifying the chemical composition of gas, natural gas liquids and oils and determining their origin in an isolated zone of a shale, or group of distinct shale gas intervals with the identification of chemical composition of gas, natural gas liquids and oils in a wellbore penetrating the shale interval or intervals. A surface measurement apparatus capable of performing the measurement ex-situ. A downhole measurement apparatus capable of reliably performing the measurement in-situ and a downhole straddle-packer assembly capable of isolating part of, or an entire shale interval.

An example formation fluid analysis tool includes an optical element and a detector configured to receive light passed through the optical element. The optical element is configured to receive light from a fluid sample and comprises a substrate, an integrated computational element (ICE) fabricated on a first side of the substrate, and an optical filter fabricated on a second side of the substrate opposite the first side.

An example formation fluid analysis tool includes an optical element and a detector configured to receive light passed through the optical element. The optical element is configured to receive light from a fluid sample and comprises a substrate, an integrated computational element (ICE) fabricated on a first side of the substrate, and an optical filter fabricated on a second side of the substrate opposite the first side.

Onshore electromagnetic (EM) reservoir monitoring systems and methods, including a system with a light source producing a light beam and an EM sensor array positioned above ground or buried underground over one or more regions of interest within a subterranean formation, the array coupled to the light source with an optical fiber. An EM sensor modulates the interrogation light beam in response to an EM signal induced into the subterranean formation by an EM source. The system further includes a processor controlling the light source, processing modulated light received from the array, and collecting data with the array to produce EM surveys, each EM survey based on data sets collected at different times. The EM sensor is physically isolated from a surrounding environment. The surveys are combined to produce a time lapse earth model of the regions of interest.

Onshore electromagnetic (EM) reservoir monitoring systems and methods, including a system with a light source producing a light beam and an EM sensor array positioned above ground or buried underground over one or more regions of interest within a subterranean formation, the array coupled to the light source with an optical fiber. An EM sensor modulates the interrogation light beam in response to an EM signal induced into the subterranean formation by an EM source. The system further includes a processor controlling the light source, processing modulated light received from the array, and collecting data with the array to produce EM surveys, each EM survey based on data sets collected at different times. The EM sensor is physically isolated from a surrounding environment. The surveys are combined to produce a time lapse earth model of the regions of interest.

A method of cross-tool optical fluid model validation includes selecting verified field data measured with a first sensor of an existing tool as validation fluids and selecting a second sensor for a new tool or on a different existing tool. The method may also include applying cross-tool optical data transformation to the validation fluids in a tool parameter space from the first sensor to the second sensor, and calculating the synthetic optical responses of the second sensor on the validation fluids through cross-space data transformation. The method may further include determining a new or adjusting an existing operational fluid model of the second sensor in a synthetic parameter space according to the candidate model performance evaluated on the validation fluids, and optimizing well testing and sampling operation based on real-time estimated formation fluid characteristics using the validated fluid models of the second sensor in an operating tool.