The present discloses a simulation device and simulation method for liquid sulfur-gas-water multiphase flow and use thereof in a high-temperature and high-pressure gas reservoir with high sulfur content.

An example method may include computing a database for an ideal representation of a galvanic tool, and determining internal coupling impedance between at least one monitor electrode of the galvanic tool and a reference. Voltage and current measurements from the galvanic tool positioned within a formation may be received. A formation resistivity from the voltage and current measurements may be calculated based, at least in part, on the database and the determined internal coupling impedances.

The invention is a method of assessing at least one petroleum characteristic of a rock sample. Starting from a temperature ranging between 50 C. and 120 C., the temperature of a rock sample is raised to a temperature ranging between 180 C. and 220 C. Temperature (T2) is maintained for a predetermined time duration. The temperature of the sample is increased to a temperature (T3) ranging 330 C. and 370 C. Temperature (T3) is maintained for a predetermined time duration. The temperature of the sample is then raised to a temperature (T4) ranging 630 C. and 670 C. Three quantities S.sub.h0, S.sub.h1 and S.sub.h2, representative of the amount of hydrocarbon compounds released during the temperature change stages, are measured and at least one petroleum characteristic of the sample is deduced from these quantities.

An apparatus for sensing pressure and temperature includes: a hollow glass tube; a first optical fiber having an end disposed into a first end of the tube; a second optical fiber being disposed in a second end of the tube, the second optical fiber having a first solid core section followed by a hollow core section followed by a second solid core section, a first gap formed between the first and second optical fibers, a length of the first solid core section forming a second gap, and a length of the hollow core section forming a third gap; an optical interrogator that transmits light at various wavelengths and measures an intensity of reflected light due to the first gap, second gap, and third gap as a function of frequency to provide interrogation data; and a processor that matches the interrogation data to reference data to estimate the pressure and/or temperature.

Gas migration rate(s) are determined using gas measurements from gas migration measurement devices. In response to the gas migration rate increasing at greater than a first rate: air ionization measurements are collected from: remote sensing air ionization measurement device(s), meteorological measurements collected from air temperature sensor(s) and relative humidity sensor(s). A latent heat energy release rate is determined using at least two of: the air ionization measurements; the meteorological measurements; and a numerical assimilation model. In response to the latent heat energy release rate increasing at greater than a second rate, transient OLR anomaly are looked for using atmospheric measurements. In response to observing the transient OLR, ionospheric anomal(ies) are looked for using ionosphere measurements collected over a fourth period of time. In response to observing the at least one ionospheric anomaly, a forecast alert that an earthquake is likely to occur within one to four days is generated.

Disclosed is a method for estimating a condition of an object, in particular a cable or a pipeline, and/or material, in particular soil, surrounding the object. The method includes measuring a time course of values of the temperature of an optical fiber using a distributed temperature sensing system employing the optical fiber in proximity to the object, adjusting a value of at least one model parameter of plural model parameters of a thermal model, in particular relating to thermal properties of the object and the surrounding material, based on the measured temperature time course, comparing the adjusted value of at least one model parameter with a value determined theoretically and/or based on physical modeling and/or measured from another information source and/or predetermined and/or based on a value of a load and/or temperature the object is subjected to, to estimate the condition of the object and/or the surrounding material.

A thermal aging estimator for use in a borehole having an ambient temperature of at least 200 F. The estimator may include a thermal aging element positioned adjacent to a heat-sensitive component while in the ambient temperature of at least 200 F. The thermal aging element has a permanent change in an electrical property in response to a thermal exposure, which correlates to cumulative thermal damage from the thermal exposure. The change estimating circuit applies an electrical signal to the thermal aging element.

The present invention relates to a method for estimating a geothermal gradient and an apparatus for estimating a geothermal gradient, and provides a method for estimating a geothermal gradient, the method comprising the steps of: calculating, at each of a plurality of points, a seismic wave crustal attenuation characteristic parameter of a seismic wave measured on the basis of the measured seismic wave information, with respect to the plurality of points; deriving an artificial neural network relational formula on the basis of the seismic wave crustal attenuation characteristic parameter; and calculating a geothermal gradient of an area of interest excluding the plurality of points on the basis of the artificial neural network relational formula, such that the geothermal gradient is estimated at a low cost by using a highly reliable method.

A heat flux sensor is installed in such a way that heat flux emanating from a biological object present at a predetermined position is detectable. It is determined whether or not a biological object is present at the predetermined position by comparing sensing results of the heat flux sensor with determination criteria. The determination criteria is preset according to heat flux that can be sensed when a biological object is present at the predetermined position. When the sensing results of the heat flux sensor satisfy the determination criteria, in other words, when the heat flux sensed by the heat flux sensor is the heat flux emanating from a biological object, it is determined that a biological object is present at the predetermined position. Consequently, it is possible to realize accurate detection of a biological object.

An information providing apparatus for providing information of a user who uses a bed placed in a facility includes a memory; and a processor coupled to the memory and configured to collect image data indicating temperatures on the bed and temperatures around the bed from an acquisition device, the image data being acquired by the acquisition device, detect, based on the collected image data, a change of a given temperature in one or more detection areas preset on the bed and around the bed, and send the information of the user to predetermined notification destination, based on the change of the given temperature indicated by the image data in the one or more detection areas detected as corresponding to a preset pattern of change of the given temperature.