The system and method for generating a forecast or simulation in a hydrologic environment includes the comparison of real-world observations with archived model states to generate or obtain initial conditions for the generation of the forecast or simulation. By using archived model states to generate forecast initial conditions, a more realistic simulation may be generated. The output of the simulation may then be stored as new model states with the other archived model states to maintain an updated archive of model states.

A flowmeter profiling system for measuring a flow profile of water in a subsurface environment includes a tracer injection system positioned at least partially within the subsurface environment. The tracer injection system includes an injection tube that contains a tracer material, and an injection port that is coupled to the injection tube near a bottom of the injection tube. Additionally, the injection port is configured to inject the tracer material substantially horizontally into the subsurface environment. The injection port can include a plurality of exit holes such that the tracer material is injected substantially horizontally into the subsurface environment through each of the plurality of exit holes. The water can be in a groundwater production well having a cross-sectional plane, and the tracer material can be injected substantially horizontally into the groundwater production well through each of the plurality of exit holes to fill substantially the entire cross-sectional plane of the groundwater production well.

A flowmeter profiling system for measuring a flow profile of water in a subsurface environment includes a tracer injection system positioned at least partially within the subsurface environment. The tracer injection system includes an injection tube that contains a tracer material, and an injection port that is coupled to the injection tube near a bottom of the injection tube. Additionally, the injection port is configured to inject the tracer material substantially horizontally into the subsurface environment. The injection port can include a plurality of exit holes such that the tracer material is injected substantially horizontally into the subsurface environment through each of the plurality of exit holes. The water can be in a groundwater production well having a cross-sectional plane, and the tracer material can be injected substantially horizontally into the groundwater production well through each of the plurality of exit holes to fill substantially the entire cross-sectional plane of the groundwater production well.

The present disclosure describes a method for surveillance of a horizontal well, including: monitoring a first set of measurement data from a pulsed neutron tool and a second set of measurement data from an array tool, wherein: the first set of measurement data indicate a holdup of the second liquid globally inside the horizontal well, and the second set of measurement data show a plurality of velocities measured at a set of corresponding locations inside the horizontal well; and interpolating the first set of measurement data to identify an interface between the first liquid and the second liquid; establish an estimated holdup of the second liquid in the cross-section of the horizontal well; and combining the estimated holdup of the second liquid with velocities measured at locations inside the horizontal well that correspond to the second layer to generate a flow weighted estimate of the second liquid inside the horizontal well.

Disclosed is a system and a method for monitoring water inrush, including: a host terminal, a field host, at least one controller and at least one electrode array. Each electrode array is placed in one borehole and to detect electric field signals of surrounding rocks around the borehole; each controller connects with one electrode array and is to control the electrode array to carry out a high-density induced polarization measurement on the surrounding rocks; the field host connects with the controller and is to send control signals to the controller, receive and process the electric field signals output by the electrode array; and the host terminal connects with the field host and is to receive the electric field signals processed by the field host, determine changes on apparent resistivity and apparent chargeability of the surrounding rocks, and determine whether there exists water inrush according to the changes.

Disclosed is a system and a method for monitoring water inrush, including: a host terminal, a field host, at least one controller and at least one electrode array. Each electrode array is placed in one borehole and to detect electric field signals of surrounding rocks around the borehole; each controller connects with one electrode array and is to control the electrode array to carry out a high-density induced polarization measurement on the surrounding rocks; the field host connects with the controller and is to send control signals to the controller, receive and process the electric field signals output by the electrode array; and the host terminal connects with the field host and is to receive the electric field signals processed by the field host, determine changes on apparent resistivity and apparent chargeability of the surrounding rocks, and determine whether there exists water inrush according to the changes.

Methods and systems for determining a liquid level above a horizontal segment of a wellbore in a formation are disclosed. Local temperatures and pressures are determined for each of a plurality of zones along the wellbore segment. For each zone, a local inflow rate is determined for fluids entering the wellbore from the formation. Based on the local inflow rate, local temperature, and local pressure, a local reservoir pressure is determined, and a local liquid level is determined based on the local reservoir pressure and a pressure associated with an injector wellbore positioned above the horizontal segment.

Methods and systems for determining a liquid level above a horizontal segment of a wellbore in a formation are disclosed. Local temperatures and pressures are determined for each of a plurality of zones along the wellbore segment. For each zone, a local inflow rate is determined for fluids entering the wellbore from the formation. Based on the local inflow rate, local temperature, and local pressure, a local reservoir pressure is determined, and a local liquid level is determined based on the local reservoir pressure and a pressure associated with an injector wellbore positioned above the horizontal segment.

In accordance with one embodiment, a method of locating mineral deposits suitable for production comprises obtaining via a computer an image of an area of land, determining from the image at least one fluid-expulsion structure present on the land, designating an area proximate the fluid-expulsion structure as a mineral exploration location; while in accordance with another embodiment a method of locating a hydrocarbon reservoir suitable for production is described which comprises obtaining via a computer an image of an area of land, determining from the image at least one fluid-expulsion structure present on the land, and designating an area proximate the fluid-expulsion structure as a hydrocarbon exploration location.

A system for creating a 4D guided history matched model may include a network of saturation sensors and a model processing hub. The saturation sensors may identify water production rates. The model processing hub may be in communication with the network of saturation sensors and may include a reservoir simulation model and a processor. The processor of the model processing hub may build a 4D saturation model, compare the reservoir simulation model and the 4D saturation model to generate a saturation Δ, calculate updated permeability distribution data, and update the reservoir simulation model with the updated permeability distribution data to create the 4D guided history matched model. A method of creating a 4D guided history matched model may include comparing a reservoir simulation model and a 4D saturation model, calculating updated permeability distribution data, and updating the reservoir simulation model to create the 4D guided history matched model.