Improved mechanisms for collecting information from a diverse suite of sensors and systems, calculating the current precipitation, atmospheric water vapor, atmospheric liquid water content, or precipitable water and other atmospheric-based phenomena, for example presence and intensity of fog, based upon these sensor readings, predicting future precipitation and atmospheric-based phenomena, and estimating effects of the atmospheric-based phenomena on visibility, for example by calculating runway visible range (RVR) estimates and forecasts based on the atmospheric-based phenomena.

Systems and aircraft are provided. An avionics system includes a storage device and one or more data processors. The storage device stores instructions for monitoring an actual performance of the aircraft. The one or more data processors are configured to execute the instructions to: determine a first measured value of a flight characteristic of the aircraft at a first position of the aircraft; execute at least one flight maneuver between the first position and a second position of the aircraft; generate a predicted energy change between the first position and the second position based on the at least one flight maneuver and an energy state model; determine a second measured value of the flight characteristic of the aircraft at the second position; and generate an adjustment to the energy state model based on the first measured value, the second measured value, and the predicted energy change.

Information useful for aircraft control is provided for an airspace where a plurality of aircraft move. An airspace information provision system includes: a surrounding turbulence estimation unit configured to estimate surrounding turbulence occurring around first aircraft flying in a predetermined airspace where a plurality of aircraft fly, based on at least specification information, operation information and position information of the first aircraft, for the first aircraft; a flight disturbance information generation unit configured to generate flight disturbance information indicating a disturbance element affecting the aircraft flying in the predetermined airspace based on the surrounding turbulence; and a flight disturbance information provision unit configured to transmit the flight disturbance information to second aircraft flying in the predetermined airspace or flying toward the predetermined airspace.

A method for characterizing the atmospheric turbulence, includes acquiring images of a celestial object by means of a camera coupled to a small telescope; analyzing the acquired images to determine angle of arrival fluctuations of wavefronts from positions of spots formed by the celestial object in the acquired images; determining variances of the angle of arrival fluctuations; and estimating the Fried parameter from the variances of the angle of arrival fluctuations, by setting an outer scale parameter of the atmospheric turbulence to a fixed median value.

A method for employing a unified semi-supervised deep learning (DL) framework for turbulence forecasting is presented. The method includes extracting historical and forecasted weather features of a spatial region, calculating turbulence indexes to fill feature cubes, each feature cube representing a grid-based 3D region, and building an encoder-decoder framework based on convolutional long short-term memory (ConvLSTM) to model spatio-temporal correlations or patterns causing turbulence. The method further includes employing a dual label guessing component to dynamically integrate complementary signals from a turbulence forecasting network and a turbulence detection network to generate pseudo-labels, reweighing the generated pseudo-labels by a heuristic label quality detector based on KL-Divergence, applying a hybrid loss function to predict turbulence conditions, and generating a turbulence dataset including the predicted turbulence conditions.

A single beam frequency modulated continuous wave radar for clear air scatter (CAS) detection and method of monitoring clear air scatterers are provided. CAS monitoring capabilities, including the ability to estimate wind velocity and direction, are obtained using data from a single defined width beam of energy that instead of being averaged is sampled at discrete time steps over a range of altitudes.

Systems and methods are for determining and/or forecasting local atmospheric stability and/or turbulence. This information can be used to inform decisions regarding crop spraying, such as whether the atmospheric conditions are sufficiently turbulent to avoid airborne spray fines drifting in an undesirable manner. For example, a spray drift hazard alert system can include a data logger. The data logger is configured to: receive local meteorological observation data from one or more sensors at a location, analyze the data to determine a local vertical turbulence characteristic indicative of a current level of vertical turbulence at the location, compare the vertical turbulence characteristic with a predetermined threshold of the vertical turbulence characteristic, and transmit information to a client device indicating whether local meteorological conditions are suitable for crop spraying based on the comparison between the vertical turbulence characteristic and the predetermined threshold.

The center server 3 determines, for each take-off/landing port 2, any one of charging of the UAV 1, discharging of the UAV 1, operation of the UAV 1 for article delivery, and standby of the UAV 1 as a action to be implemented in the take-off/landing port 2 on the basis of delivery schedule information related to a schedule for article delivery and battery information of the UAV 1 deployed in each of the plurality of take-off/landing ports 2.

Systems and methods for dynamically adjusting a legend are provided. One system comprises a display unit; a user input device configured to receive a first input indicating a first altitude value; one or more processors; and a memory configured to store one or more programs, the one or more programs being configured for execution by the one or more processors and including instructions for: retrieving weather information corresponding to the first input; generating a command signal for displaying a legend having a color-code or shading-code associated with a plurality of attributes included in the retrieved weather information; and displaying the legend, on the display unit, in association with the retrieved weather information.

A method of presenting weather data, representing weather events, on a graphical user interface (GUI). The weather data is received. At least one of the weather events is present in at least one of several altitude zones for a physical area centered on a reference point. A corresponding intensity rank is assigned to each of the weather events. Each of the altitude zones is divided into a corresponding grid defined for the physical area. Each corresponding grid has corresponding sectors defined by corresponding lines and vertices. A corresponding highest intensity ranking weather event extant in the corresponding sectors is assigned to each of the corresponding sectors in the altitude zones. A selection of a selected altitude zone is received from among the altitude zones. A rendered image is generated by rendering the corresponding grid for the selected altitude zone. The rendered image is displayed on the GUI.