The concepts and technologies disclosed herein are directed towards a predictive hydrological impact diagnosis system. According to one aspect disclosed herein, the system can obtain weather data associated with an area. The weather data can include an interval rainfall forecast and a total accumulated rainfall forecast for the area. The system can execute a flood index algorithm using the interval rainfall forecast and the total accumulated rainfall forecast. In response to executing the flood index algorithm, the system can obtain an output of the flood index algorithm. The output can include flood index data for the area. The system can plot the flood index data on a graph to show a forecasted rainfall intensity over a time. The system can determine hydrological potential energy data for the area. This data is representative of a cumulative area of the graph that is above a predetermined threshold value.

An assembly and method for using weather sensors with enhanced modular capability is disclosed. The weather sensor assembly generally comprises a cap module, middle module, and a base module, where the cap module, middle module(s) and the base module are stacked adjacently to provide environmental sealing, weather sensing, and electrical connectivity to the weather sensor assembly. One or more ring mechanisms may be included that interlock the cap module, middle module(s), base module to form the weather sensor assembly into an integrated unit. Moreover, the ring mechanisms enable further modules to be added to the weather sensor assembly for additional capabilities. By doing so, each of the modules in the weather sensor assembly may be independent units that can be removed, reordered, swapped, and added for desired sensing modalities and environments.

An assembly and method for using weather sensors with enhanced modular capability is disclosed. The weather sensor assembly generally comprises a cap module, middle module, and a base module, where the cap module, middle module(s) and the base module are stacked adjacently to provide environmental sealing, weather sensing, and electrical connectivity to the weather sensor assembly. One or more ring mechanisms may be included that interlock the cap module, middle module(s), base module to form the weather sensor assembly into an integrated unit. Moreover, the ring mechanisms enable further modules to be added to the weather sensor assembly for additional capabilities. By doing so, each of the modules in the weather sensor assembly may be independent units that can be removed, reordered, swapped, and added for desired sensing modalities and environments.

An irrigation method for coastal regions. The method includes: selecting coastal region and collecting natural and environmental data of the coastal region; building a basic database of the coastal region based on high-precision map of the coastal region; establishing a water demand calculation model for coastal crops and a multi-source water supply model, where the multi-source water supply model includes a multi-source water of mixed salt-fresh water calculation model and a freshwater source calculation model; calculating water demand Q.sub.demand during a forecast period according to the water demand calculation model for coastal crops; clarifying salt content S.sub.limit of the water demand during the forecast period; calculating the water supply amount Q.sub.supply in the coastal region during the forecast period according to the multi-source water of mixed salt-fresh water calculation model; and comparing the Q.sub.demand and the Q.sub.supply to accordingly regulate irrigation operation.

An irrigation method for coastal regions. The method includes: selecting coastal region and collecting natural and environmental data of the coastal region; building a basic database of the coastal region based on high-precision map of the coastal region; establishing a water demand calculation model for coastal crops and a multi-source water supply model, where the multi-source water supply model includes a multi-source water of mixed salt-fresh water calculation model and a freshwater source calculation model; calculating water demand Q.sub.demand during a forecast period according to the water demand calculation model for coastal crops; clarifying salt content S.sub.limit of the water demand during the forecast period; calculating the water supply amount Q.sub.supply in the coastal region during the forecast period according to the multi-source water of mixed salt-fresh water calculation model; and comparing the Q.sub.demand and the Q.sub.supply to accordingly regulate irrigation operation.

Provided are a device for measuring the amount of snowfall and a method of controlling the same, the device including a bottom plate, a graduated ruler extending upward from the bottom plate, an image capturing unit configured to capture an image of the graduated ruler and an upper portion of snow deposited on the bottom plate by using an image capturing device, a measurement unit configured to measure the amount of snowfall based on information on the captured image, and a snow removing unit configured to push out the deposited snow to the outside of the bottom plate while moving in a direction from one side to the other side of the bottom plate.

Provided are a device for measuring the amount of snowfall and a method of controlling the same, the device including a bottom plate, a graduated ruler extending upward from the bottom plate, an image capturing unit configured to capture an image of the graduated ruler and an upper portion of snow deposited on the bottom plate by using an image capturing device, a measurement unit configured to measure the amount of snowfall based on information on the captured image, and a snow removing unit configured to push out the deposited snow to the outside of the bottom plate while moving in a direction from one side to the other side of the bottom plate.

A measuring device for snow flux and accumulated snow density at different heights, which comprises a shell, a plurality of collection devices and a support frame, the first side of the shell is provided with a plurality of collection ports along the height direction of the shell; each collection device comprises a collection pipe, a storage pipe and a fixed bolt, the first end of the collection pipe is horizontally arranged, the first end of one collection pipe is arranged in one collection port, both the second end of the collection pipe and the storage pipe are obliquely arranged downwards, the second end of the collection pipe and the first end of the storage pipe are detachably connected and communicate with each other; and the shell is detachably connected with the support frame.

A measuring device for snow flux and accumulated snow density at different heights, which comprises a shell, a plurality of collection devices and a support frame, the first side of the shell is provided with a plurality of collection ports along the height direction of the shell; each collection device comprises a collection pipe, a storage pipe and a fixed bolt, the first end of the collection pipe is horizontally arranged, the first end of one collection pipe is arranged in one collection port, both the second end of the collection pipe and the storage pipe are obliquely arranged downwards, the second end of the collection pipe and the first end of the storage pipe are detachably connected and communicate with each other; and the shell is detachably connected with the support frame.

The present disclosure provides a method for calibrating daily precipitation forecast by using a Bernoulli-Gamma-Gaussian distribution, including the following steps: acquiring daily raw forecast data and observed data; using a Bernoulli distribution to perform precipitation occurrence analysis; using a Gamma distribution to perform precipitation amount analysis on the data that precipitation occurs; using a Gaussian distribution to perform normal transformation on the raw forecast data and the observed data according to the analysis results of the Bernoulli distribution and the Gamma distribution, and obtaining corresponding normalized variables; constructing a bivariate joint normal distribution; constructing a conditional probability distribution of a predictand; and determining whether a forecast to be calibrated is that a precipitation event occurs, determining a conditional probability distribution parameter of the predictand, then randomly sampling the conditional probability distribution of the predictand, and finally obtaining the calibrated forecast by means of inverse normal quantile transform.