Surface modification control stations and methods in a globally distributed array for dynamically adjusting the atmospheric, terrestrial and oceanic properties. The control stations modify the humidity, currents, wind flows and heat removal rate of the surface and facilitate cooling and control of large area of global surface temperatures. This global system is made of arrays of multiple sub-systems that monitor climate and act locally on weather with dynamically generated local forcing & perturbations for guiding in a controlled manner aim at long-term modifications. The machineries are part of a large-scale system consisting of an array of many such machines put across the globe at locations called the control stations. These are then used in a coordinated manner to modify large area weather and the global climate as desired. The energy system installed at a control stations, with multiple machines to change the local parameters of the ocean, these stations are powered using renewable energy (RE) sources including Solar, Ocean Currents, Wind, Waves and Batteries to store energy and provide sufficient power and energy as required and available at all hours. This energy is then used to do directed work using special machines, that can be pumps for seawater to move ocean water either amplifying or changing the currents in various locations and at different depths, in addition it will have machineries for changing the vertical depth profile of the ocean of temperature, salinity and currents. Control stations will also directly use devices such as heat pumps to change the temperatures of local water either at surface or at controlled depths, or modify the humidity and salinity to change the atmospheric and oceanic properties as desired. The system will work in a globally coordinated manner applying artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to learn from observations to improve the control characteristics and aim to slow down the rise of global surface temperatures. These systems are used to reduce the temperatures of coral reefs, arctic glaciers and south pacific to control the El Nino oscillations.

Surface modification control stations and methods in a globally distributed array for dynamically adjusting the atmospheric, terrestrial and oceanic properties. The control stations modify the humidity, currents, wind flows and heat removal rate of the surface and facilitate cooling and control of large area of global surface temperatures. This global system is made of arrays of multiple sub-systems that monitor climate and act locally on weather with dynamically generated local forcing & perturbations for guiding in a controlled manner aim at long-term modifications. The machineries are part of a large-scale system consisting of an array of many such machines put across the globe at locations called the control stations. These are then used in a coordinated manner to modify large area weather and the global climate as desired. The energy system installed at a control stations, with multiple machines to change the local parameters of the ocean, these stations are powered using renewable energy (RE) sources including Solar, Ocean Currents, Wind, Waves and Batteries to store energy and provide sufficient power and energy as required and available at all hours. This energy is then used to do directed work using special machines, that can be pumps for seawater to move ocean water either amplifying or changing the currents in various locations and at different depths, in addition it will have machineries for changing the vertical depth profile of the ocean of temperature, salinity and currents. Control stations will also directly use devices such as heat pumps to change the temperatures of local water either at surface or at controlled depths, or modify the humidity and salinity to change the atmospheric and oceanic properties as desired. The system will work in a globally coordinated manner applying artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms to learn from observations to improve the control characteristics and aim to slow down the rise of global surface temperatures. These systems are used to reduce the temperatures of coral reefs, arctic glaciers and south pacific to control the El Nino oscillations.

Disclosed is a heat flux sensor including a body with four or more sensor pairs, each pair including one radiation absorbing, absorptive, sensor for measuring a combined radiative and convective heat flux and one radiation reflecting, reflective, sensor for substantially measuring a convective heat flux, a heating member that is in heat conducing contact with the body, and a temperature sensor thermally coupled with the body for measuring the body temperature T.sub.sen.

Systems for weather sensing and forecasting, and associated devices and methods, are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a system for predicting a subject's perception of weather conditions is provided. The system can generate an individual profile for the subject, the individual profile including health information of the subject. The system can receive weather data including a first weather condition for a target location. The system can compare the individual profile to a plurality of different user profiles to identify one or more similar user profiles. Each similar user profile can (1) be associated with a user having similar health information as the subject, and (2) include weather perception data indicating how the user perceived a set of second weather conditions. Based on the weather data and the similar user profile(s), the system can generate a prediction of the how the subject will perceive the first weather condition.

A clippable air condition monitoring device detects air parameters inside an enclosed space below a canopy of an infant carrier. The clippable air condition monitoring device includes a generally U shaped flexible member configured to snap fit on an edge of the canopy, and one or more sensors positioned on the flexible member. The sensors are configured to detect one or more air parameters which determine comfort of an infant seated under the canopy of the infant carrier. In an embodiment, the flexible member is made of an elastic material. In an embodiment, the air parameters comprise one or a combination of temperature, relative humidity and heat index.

A clippable air condition monitoring device detects air parameters inside an enclosed space below a canopy of an infant carrier. The clippable air condition monitoring device includes a generally U shaped flexible member configured to snap fit on an edge of the canopy, and one or more sensors positioned on the flexible member. The sensors are configured to detect one or more air parameters which determine comfort of an infant seated under the canopy of the infant carrier. In an embodiment, the flexible member is made of an elastic material. In an embodiment, the air parameters comprise one or a combination of temperature, relative humidity and heat index.

A clippable air condition monitoring device detects air parameters inside an enclosed space below a canopy of an infant carrier. The clippable air condition monitoring device includes a generally U shaped flexible member configured to snap fit on an edge of the canopy, and one or more sensors positioned on the flexible member. The sensors are configured to detect one or more air parameters which determine comfort of an infant seated under the canopy of the infant carrier. In an embodiment, the flexible member is made of an elastic material. In an embodiment, the air parameters comprise one or a combination of temperature, relative humidity and heat index.

A clippable air condition monitoring device detects air parameters inside an enclosed space below a canopy of an infant carrier. The clippable air condition monitoring device includes a generally U shaped flexible member configured to snap fit on an edge of the canopy, and one or more sensors positioned on the flexible member. The sensors are configured to detect one or more air parameters which determine comfort of an infant seated under the canopy of the infant carrier. In an embodiment, the flexible member is made of an elastic material. In an embodiment, the air parameters comprise one or a combination of temperature, relative humidity and heat index.

Device (S) for measuring the perceived temperature of an environment comprising: at least one first sensitive element (1), exposed to the environment for which the perceived temperature is to be estimated, configured to be supplied with a variable power, so as to dissipate a thermal power equal to the power that would be dissipated by conduction, convection and radiation from the human skin exposed to the same environment; means for measuring the temperature of said first sensitive element (1); calculation and control means (8); electrical supply means controlled by said calculation means (8) and adapted to supply said sensitive element (1) with an electrical power determined by said calculation and control means (8).

Device (S) for measuring the perceived temperature of an environment comprising: at least one first sensitive element (1), exposed to the environment for which the perceived temperature is to be estimated, configured to be supplied with a variable power, so as to dissipate a thermal power equal to the power that would be dissipated by conduction, convection and radiation from the human skin exposed to the same environment; means for measuring the temperature of said first sensitive element (1); calculation and control means (8); electrical supply means controlled by said calculation means (8) and adapted to supply said sensitive element (1) with an electrical power determined by said calculation and control means (8).