A protective film and a display apparatus including the same are disclosed. The display apparatus in the embodiments may include a protective film that is disposed on a display panel and includes a substrate and a light shielding layer being formed in the edge portion of the substrate, which corresponds to a non-display area of the display panel. The light shielding layer may include a first layer and a second layer on the first layer. The first layer may include at least two or more of first patterns that are spaced from each other and a plurality of second patterns that are disposed between at least two or more of the first patterns.

Disclosed herein are single element dot pattern projectors with a meta-optics. The projectors include a laser light source and a metasurface chip integrated onto the laser light source. The metasurface chip includes metasurface elements spaced apart from the laser light source by a distance equal to the collimating function focal length of the metasurface chip. the laser light source produces light which is diffracted through the metasurface elements to produce a dot pattern. Projectors enabled by meta-optics lead to unique methods of integrating the meta-optic and unique functionality that can be added to the dot pattern.

A thermal metasurface that provides a planar optical source based on thermal radiation or photoluminescence. The thermal metasurface provides dual perturbative control of both radiative and non-radiative lifetimes of a q-BIC via geometric and material perturbation of monomeric and dimeric pillars.

The present application relates to a light-emitting device and a fabrication method thereof, a display device or lighting device, the light-emitting device comprising: a substrate; a light-emitting structure layer disposed on one side of the substrate and comprising a light-emitting function layer; a first light extraction layer disposed on a light exit side of the light-emitting function layer, a light exit surface of the first light extraction layer having an irregular brush-like micro-nano structure.

An optical device is provided. The optical device has a central region and a first-type region surrounding the central region. The first-type region includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region between the central region and the first sub-region. The optical device includes a substrate. The optical device also includes a meta-structure disposed on the substrate. The meta-structure includes first pillars in the first sub-region and second pillars in the second sub-region. In the cross-sectional view of the optical device along the radial direction of the optical device, two adjacent first pillars have a first pitch, two adjacent second pillars have a second pitch, and the second pitch is greater than the first pitch.

The present disclosure provides a sub-wavelength structural material having compatibility of low detectability for infrared, laser, and microwave, which includes, from top to bottom, a metal type frequency selective surface layer I, a dielectric layer I, a metal type frequency selective surface layer II, a dielectric layer II, a resistive film, a dielectric layer III. Each of the metal type frequency selective surface layers is a sub-wavelength patch type array, and metal used by the metal type frequency selective surface layers has a characteristic of low infrared emissivity. The present disclosure modulates a phase by using a phase difference generated by patches with different sizes on the metal type frequency selective surface layer I, so as to control backscattering of incident electromagnetic waves to achieve compatibility of low detectability for laser and infrared, while the bottom three layers achieve absorption of microwave.

Examples include a device including a nanovoided polymer element having a first surface and a second surface, a first plurality of electrodes disposed on the first surface, a second plurality of electrodes disposed on the second surface, and a control circuit configured to apply an electrical potential between one or more of the first plurality of electrodes and one or more of the second plurality of electrodes to induce a physical deformation of the nanovoided polymer element.

Embodiments of metasurfaces having nanostructures with desired geometric profiles and configurations are provided in the present disclosure. In one embodiment, a metasurface includes a nanostructure formed on a substrate, wherein the nanostructure is cuboidal or cylindrical in shape. In another embodiment, a metasurface includes a plurality of nanostructures on a substrate, wherein each of the nanostructures has a gap greater than 35 nm spaced apart from each other. In yet another embodiment, a metasurface includes a plurality of nanostructures on a substrate, wherein the nanostructures are fabricated from at least one of TiO.sub.2, silicon nitride, or amorphous silicon, or GaN or aluminum zinc oxide or any material with refractive index greater than 1.8, and absorption coefficient smaller than 0.001, the substrate is transparent with absorption coefficient smaller than 0.001.

Systems, devices, and techniques for performing wavelength division multiplexing or demultiplexing using one or more metamaterials in an optical communications systems are described. An optical device may be configured to shift one or more phase profiles of an optical signal using one or more stages of metamaterials to multiplex or demultiplex wavelengths of optical signals. The optical device may be an example of a stacked design with two or more stages of metamaterials stacked on top of one another. The optical device may be an example of a folded design that reflects optical signals between different stages of metamaterials.

A lens (100) for terahertz radiation, which can be used in an antenna arrangement (400), comprises a cylindrical lens body made of silicon having a planar front surface and a planar back surface. The lens body has a front body region (30) which forms a silicon metamaterial with a relative permittivity that decreases in a lateral direction with increasing radial distance from a cylinder axis. A back body region (20) is immediately adjacent to the front body region and extends to the back surface. It consists of bulk silicon having a laterally constant relative permittivity. The front body region comprises holes that are distributed on the front surface in rings that are concentric with respect to the cylinder axis. The holes extend from the front surface to respective hole bottoms at an equal bottom level in a depth direction. The hole bottoms interface with the back body region.