A head-mounted lightfield display including a lightfield rendering unit, a numerical aperture (NA) expander for receiving an optical output from the lightfield rendering unit and for creating an expanded lightfield, and a substrate-guided optical combiner optically coupled to the NA expander for receiving the expanded lightfield and transmitting the expanded light field to an eyebox for viewing by a user.

An optical device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a light source in which a plurality of light emitting elements are arranged at a predetermined distance, an optical system configured to convert light beams from the plurality of light emitting elements into line light beams, and a light deflection element configured to deflect each of the line light beams. Each of the line light beams is caused to be incident on the light deflection element such that a longitudinal direction of each of the light beams is aligned with a direction of a rotating axis of the light deflection element.

Provided is a composition which has excellent temporal stability and excellent spectral characteristics, and with which a film with suppressed defects can be formed. The composition includes a coloring agent represented by Formula (1) and a curable compound, in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 each independently represent a substituent, R.sup.5 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent. However, at least one of R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13, or R.sup.14 is a substituent or each of R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 is a hydrogen atom.

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A scanner for scanning a dental site comprises a base, a detector mounted to the base, and an optical element to redirect light reflected off of the dental site towards the detector along a detection axis in a first direction. Two or more flexures couple the optical element to the base, wherein the two or more flexures maintain an alignment of the optical element to the detector with changes in temperature.

An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a fiber array and an optical assembly. The fiber array includes a common channel and a plurality of divided. channels arranged in parallel in a first direction and extending along a second direction, and the fiber array has a first surface from a top view perspective. The optical assembly is coupled to the first surface of the fiber array. The first surface and the common channel of the fiber array form an angle less than 90 degrees from the top view perspective.

At least one feature pertains to an image sensor having an array of pixels with a configuration that includes a first pixel type configured to detect red light, a second pixel type configured to detect green light, a third pixel type configured to detect blue light and a fourth pixel type configured to detect green light and an array of lenses overlaying the array of pixels that comprises a first lens type, a second lens type, a third lens type and a fourth lens type where the first lens type is configured to pass red light and refract blue light and green light, the second lens type is configured to pass green light and refract blue light and red light, the third lens type is configured to pass blue light and refract red light and green light, and the fourth lens type is configured to pass green light and refract blue light and red light.

An autofocusing method includes capturing an image of a scene with a camera that includes a pixel array; computing a horizontal-difference image, and a vertical-difference image; and combining the horizontal-difference image and the vertical-difference image to yield a combined image. The method also includes determining, from the combined image and the intensity image, an image distance with respect to a lens of the camera at which the camera forms an in-focus image. The pixel array includes horizontally-adjacent pixel pairs and vertically-adjacent pixel pairs each located beneath a respective microlens. The horizontal-difference image includes, for each horizontally-adjacent pixel pair, a derived pixel value that is an increasing function of a difference between pixel values generated by the horizontally-adjacent pixel pair. The vertical-difference image includes, for each vertically-adjacent pixel pair, a derived pixel value that is an increasing function of a difference between pixel values generated by the vertically-adjacent pixel pair.

A head-up display has a display element, a projection system, a diffusing plate, and a mirror element. In such head-up displays, frequently irritations due to stray light occur. A head-up display that produces less irritation from incident stray light is therefore desirable. The diffusing plate has focusing elements on its side facing the projection system and a light-blocking mask on its side facing away from the projection system.

An image sensor includes a plurality of pixels configured to receive an optical signal incident through a first lens portion; a planarization layer that has a same refractive index as a refractive index of the first lens portion; a second lens portion that is configured to classify the optical signal incident through the first lens portion according to an incidence angle, and is configured to deliver the optical signal to each of the plurality of pixels; and image processing circuitry configured to generate a subject image by combining one or more subimages obtained from the optical signal, wherein the planarization layer is arranged between the second lens portion and the plurality of pixels.

An optical system (300) includes an optical modulation element (103) to reflect an incident light (250) in a different direction, and an illumination optical system (301) through which light emitted from a light source (101) is emitted toward the optical modulation element (103). The illumination optical system (301) includes a lens array (14A, 14B), a lens (15) disposed in an order listed from an upstream side of an optical path, and a shielding part (50) disposed upstream from the lens (15) on the optical path. The shielding part (50) shields light incident on an effective diameter of the lens (15). In a direction perpendicular to an optical axis of the light emitted from the light source (101), the optical axis (101A) is shifted from a center position (15M) of the effective diameter of the lens (15) in an opposite direction with reference to the shielding part (50).