In various embodiments, a beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system alters a spatial power distribution of a plurality of radiation beams before the beams are coupled into an optical fiber.

A focusing device includes a substrate and a plurality of scatterers provided at both sides of the substrate. The scatterers on the both sides of the focusing device may correct geometric aberration, and thus, a field of view (FOV) of the focusing device may be widened.

An optical fingerprint identification system includes a base, a photo sensor, a light emitting layer and a cover. The photo sensor is disposed on the base. The light emitting layer is disposed above the photo sensor, and the light emitting layer includes a light emitting element. The cover is disposed above the light emitting layer. The optical fingerprint identification system further includes a light path adjusting element between the photo sensor and the cover. The light emitting element is disposed away from the light path adjusting element and the photo sensor in a sideway direction that is different from a stack direction of the optical fingerprint identification system.

In situ investigation of microbial life in extreme environments can be carried out with microscopes capable of imaging 3-dimensional volumes and tracking particle motion. A lensless digital holographic microscope is disclosed that provides roughly 1.5 micron resolution in a compact, robust package suitable for remote deployment. High resolution is achieved by generating high numerical-aperture input beams with radial gradient-index rod lenses. The ability to detect and track prokaryotes was explored using bacterial strains of two different sizes. In the larger strain, a variety of motions were seen, while the smaller strain was used to demonstrate a detection capability down to micron scales.

Provided are a gradient index lens using the effective refractive index of a microstructure operating in the terahertz frequency regions and mid-infrared regions at wavelengths of 0.8 m to 3 mm and a method for manufacturing the same. Based on the effective medium theorem, the effective refractive index is controlled by using a structure smaller than the mid-infrared and terahertz wavelength, and a gradient can be provided for the refractive index in a radial direction and in an axial direction. Thus, beams in the mid-infrared and terahertz frequency region can be converged.

Methods and mechanisms for correcting a wavefront error in an optical element are disclosed. A wavefront error that is downstream of an optical element in an optical path is determined. A refractive index prescription that reduces the wavefront error is determined. A beam of energy is directed at a surface of the optical element in accordance with the refractive index prescription to alter the surface to change an index of refraction at multiple locations on the surface.

Optical lenses and methods for manufacturing optical lenses are disclosed herein. Lenses having a reduced aperture size are also disclosed herein along with methods for making the same. The optical lenses disclosed herein can be made having improved optical properties. The lenses can be used in optical microscopes, including optical microscopes with a shorter optical path relative to conventional optical microscopes.

A variable focal length lens system includes a tunable acoustic gradient (TAG) lens; a TAG lens controller; and processor(s) configured to: (a) operate the TAG lens controller to drive a periodic modulation of the TAG lens optical power at a TAG lens resonant frequency, using a first amplitude driving signal that provides a first focal Z range extending between peak focus distances Z1max+ and Z1max−; and expose a first image using a first exposure increment approximately at the timing of Z1max+ or Z1max−; (b) adjust the TAG lens controller to drive the periodic modulation using a second amplitude driving signal that provides a second focal Z range extending between peak focus distances Z2max+ and Z2max−; and expose a second image using a second exposure increment approximately at the timing of Z2max+ or Z2max−; and (c) perform processing that includes determining focus metric values for the first and second images.

A lens system includes a first lens array assembly including a first plurality of cells, each cell of the first plurality of cells configured to exhibit a pair of Fourier transform lenses, and a second lens array assembly including a second plurality of cells, each cell of the second plurality of cells configured to exhibit a pair of Fourier transform lenses. The first and second lens array assemblies are positioned relative to one another along an optical axis of the lens system such that an image of an object is provided at an image conjugate distance from the second lens array assembly.

A display includes a source that establishes an exit pupil of far field content, a reconvergent sheet disposed along an optical axis to receive light of the far field content, the reconvergent sheet being configured to reconverge the far field content in position space, a reflective surface disposed along the optical axis for reflection of light of the position space back through the reconvergent sheet after reflection off of the reflective surface to re-form the exit pupil of the far field content, and a splitter disposed along the optical axis between the source and the reconvergent sheet and configured to redirect light exhibiting the re-formed exit pupil in a direction offset from the optical axis.