Light-emitting devices and methods of making the same are described whereby lenses of any array include a material with a higher refractive index than an encapsulation layer of a substrate layer, the refractive index of the material being in a range of greater than 1.7 to 1.9 at 400 nm. The material forming the lenses includes nanocomposite comprised of inorganic nanocrystals and a polymeric matrix, wherein the nanocrystals are selected from the group consisting of ZrO.sub.2, ZnO, MgO, HfO.sub.2, NbO.sub.5, Ta.sub.2O.sub.5 and Y.sub.2O.sub.3. A 3-4 micron thick sample of the nanocomposite has an optical transmittance of at least 80% over a range of 440 nm to 800 nm.

Described are laminated graded index lenses comprising a graded index lens and a flexible film coupled to the graded index lens. Such lenses allow for improved manufacturability and material properties.

A lens module is provided. The lens module includes at least one refractive index distribution lens; and a lens barrel configured to accommodate the at least one refractive index distribution lens, wherein the at least one refractive index distribution lens is composed of a single layer, and includes a plastic material.

Provided are a miniature endoscopic probe and a multi-photon endoscopy including the same.

In various embodiments, a beam-parameter adjustment system and focusing system alters a spatial power distribution of a plurality of radiation beams before the beams are coupled into an optical fiber.

A rod lens array 10a includes a plurality of gradient-index rod lenses 1b arrayed to have optical axes parallel to each other, and forms an erecting equal-magnification image. The gradient-index rod lenses 1b each have a refractive-index distribution in a radial direction thereof. The refractive-index distribution n(r) is approximated by n(r)=n.sub.0⋅{1-(A/2)⋅r.sup.2}, where a refractive index at a center of the gradient-index rod lens 1b is represented by n.sub.0, a refractive-index distribution constant of the gradient-index rod lens 1b is represented by \A, and a distance from the center of the gradient-index rod lens 1b is represented by r. The gradient-index rod lens 1b has an aperture angle θ of 3 to 6°, the aperture angle θ represented by θ=sin.sup.−1(n.sub.0\A⋅r.sub.0), where a radius of the gradient-index rod lens is represented by r.sub.0. The rod lens array 10a has an imaging distance of 45 to 75 mm and a depth of field of 1.5 to 3.0 mm with value of modulation transfer function (MTF) of 30% or more at a spatial frequency of 6 Ip/mm.

This application uses an image detector to mitigate field curvature but without the need to curve the detector surface. Gradient-index (GRIN) media, which possesses spatially varying refractive index, is used as “cover piece” for planar detectors or internal images. Field curvature correction can be made at the detector or internal image using plane-parallel GRIN cover piece with a planar detector or an internal image. GRIN cover piece imparts a transversely varying image shift. In doing so, the number of elements in an optical system may be reduced since field curvature can be corrected at the detector, allowing for smaller and more lightweight systems.

The disclosure generally pertains to a metalens portion comprising a plurality of holes in a first substrate, wherein at least two holes of the plurality of holes differ in size, and wherein a refractive index of the metalens portion is defined by at least one of shape of the holes and an arrangement pattern of the holes, thereby providing a metalens.

Describes herein are a microscope optical module, a microscope, a control device for the microscope optical module, and multiphoton excitation microscope, which can switch the observation field of view at high speed and observe a large field of view. The microscope optical module includes an optical-axis-shifting optical system having an optical element, an optical-axis-shifting optical system support for positioning the optical-axis-shifting optical system with respect to the objective light flux of the microscope, and a rotator arranged on the optical-axis-shifting optical system support, the rotator rotatably supporting the optical-axis-shifting optical system with respect to the optical axis of the objective light flux, wherein the microscope optical module is added to an objective light flux side of a microscope.

The disclosed subject matter includes devices and systems for extending the imaging capability of swept, confocally aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopes to in vivo applications. In embodiments, the SCAPE microscope can be implemented as an endoscopic or laparoscopic inspection instrument.