A system and method is disclosed for forming a graded index (GRIN) on a substrate. In one implementation the method may involve applying a metal layer to the substrate. A fluence profile of optical energy applied to the metal layer may be controlled to substantially ablate the metal layer to create a vaporized metal layer. The fluence profile may be further controlled to control a size of metal nanoparticles created from the vaporized metal layer as the vaporized metal layer condenses and forms metal nanoparticles, the metal nanoparticles being deposited back on the substrate to form a GRIN surface on the substrate.

A projector assembly includes three coaxially aligned lenses and an aperture stop. The three coaxially aligned lenses include a first lens and, in order of increasing distance therefrom and on a same side thereof, a second lens and a positive meniscus lens. The first lens is a positive lens. The second lens is a negative lens. The second lens is located between the aperture stop and the positive meniscus lens. The projector assembly is one-sided telecentric at a plane proximate the positive meniscus lens.

A zoom lens ZL includes: a first lens unit L1 having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit L2 having a negative refractive power, and a third lens unit L3 having a positive refractive power, an N−1th lens unit, and an Nth lens unit, the lens units being arranged in order from an object side to an image side. The N−1th lens unit and the Nth lens unit are located on the image side with respect to an aperture stop SP.

The present disclosure relates to an imaging apparatus and electronic equipment that make it possible to reduce peeling stresses at angled sections included in the four corners of a lens, and prevent the lens from being peeled off. An imaging apparatus includes a solid-state imaging element that generates a pixel signal by photoelectric conversion according to a light amount of incident light, a glass substrate provided on the solid-state imaging element, and a lens provided on the glass substrate, in which four corners of the lens that is substantially rectangular when seen in a plan view do not have angles equal to or smaller than 90°. The present technology may be applied to an imaging apparatus and the like, for example.

The present disclosure relates to an imaging apparatus and electronic equipment that make it possible to reduce peeling stresses at angled sections included in the four corners of a lens, and prevent the lens from being peeled off. An imaging apparatus includes a solid-state imaging element that generates a pixel signal by photoelectric conversion according to a light amount of incident light, a glass substrate provided on the solid-state imaging element, and a lens provided on the glass substrate, in which four corners of the lens that is substantially rectangular when seen in a plan view do not have angles equal to or smaller than 90°. The present technology may be applied to an imaging apparatus and the like, for example.

Provided are a camera module, a camera lens with a mark and a manufacturing method thereof, and an assembly method of an extra-wide-angle camera module. The camera module includes a camera lens and a photosensitive assembly. The camera lens includes a lens tube, at least one first lens unit, at least one second lens unit and at least one mark element. The first lens unit and the second lens unit are provided in the lens tube. The first lens unit is a non-rotational member. The mark element is provided at the lens tube, and is used to position the first lens unit.

There is provided an imaging lens with excellent optical characteristics which satisfies demand of wide field of view, low profile and low F-number. An imaging lens comprises, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens with positive or negative refractive power in a paraxial region, a second lens with positive or negative refractive power in a paraxial region, a third lens with positive refractive power in a paraxial region, a fourth lens with negative refractive power in a paraxial region, a fifth lens with positive refractive power in a paraxial region, a sixth lens with positive refractive power in a paraxial region, and a seventh lens with negative refractive power.

A levelling laser for generating a laser projection line on a surface is disclosed. The levelling laser includes an optical projection lens with a three-dimensional lens surface. The projection lens can be described in a three-dimensional coordinates system having three axes, X, Y and Z, arranged orthogonally to one another. The Z-axis coincides with the optical axis of the projection lens. The lens surface of the projection lens has a shape with a surface inclination angle rising monotonically along the X-axis. A corresponding projection lens is also disclosed.

An image capturing optical assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group, a second lens group and a third lens group, wherein the first lens group includes a first lens element and a second lens element, the second lens group includes a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element, and the third lens group includes a sixth lens element, a seventh lens element and an eighth lens element. At least one surface of at least one of the lens elements of each lens group is aspheric. At least one surface of at least one of the lens elements includes at least one inflection point.

An image capturing optical assembly includes, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens group, a second lens group and a third lens group, wherein the first lens group includes a first lens element and a second lens element, the second lens group includes a third lens element, a fourth lens element and a fifth lens element, and the third lens group includes a sixth lens element, a seventh lens element and an eighth lens element. At least one surface of at least one of the lens elements of each lens group is aspheric. At least one surface of at least one of the lens elements includes at least one inflection point.