A method for making an optical fiber device may include using a three-dimensional (3D) printer to generate a preform body including an optical material. The preform body may have a 3D pattern of voids therein defining a 3D lattice. The method may further include drawing the preform body to form the optical fiber device.

A method of manufacturing a multicore fiber includes: an initial-preform forming process of forming an initial preform by arranging in an array a plurality of core rods each including a core portion and a cladding portion formed around outer periphery of the core portion; and an optical fiber manufacturing process of manufacturing an optical fiber from the initial preform. Further, the core rods include a plurality of holes, and the core rods are arranged in a manner that one hole is arranged between two core portion adjacent to each other in the initial-preform forming process.

An optical phase modulator includes a lower cladding layer, a core formed on the lower cladding layer, an upper cladding layer formed over the core, and a heater. In addition, the optical phase modulator includes a semiconductor layer which is embedded in the upper cladding layer, is disposed above the core, and is formed of a compound semiconductor, and the heater is constituted by an impurity introduction region formed in the semiconductor layer.

An optical phase modulator includes a lower cladding layer, a core formed on the lower cladding layer, an upper cladding layer formed over the core, and a heater. In addition, the optical phase modulator includes a semiconductor layer which is embedded in the upper cladding layer, is disposed above the core, and is formed of a compound semiconductor, and the heater is constituted by an impurity introduction region formed in the semiconductor layer.

Novel chemical sensors that improve detection and quantification of CO.sub.2 are critical to ensuring safe and cost-effective monitoring of carbon storage sites. Fiber optic (FO) based chemical sensor systems are promising field-deployable systems for real-time monitoring of CO.sub.2 in geological formations for long-range distributed sensing. In this work, a mixed-matrix composite integrated FO sensor system was developed that reliably operates as a detector for gas-phase and dissolved CO.sub.2. A mixed-matrix composite sensor coating on the FO sensor comprising plasmonic nanocrystals and zeolite embedded in a polymer matrix. The mixed-matrix composite FO sensor showed excellent reversibility/stability in a high humidity environment and sensitivity to gas-phase CO.sub.2 over a large concentration range. The sensor exhibited the ability to sense CO.sub.2 in the presence of other geologically relevant gases, which is of importance for applications in geological formations. A prototype FO sensor configuration which possesses a robust sensing capability for monitoring dissolved CO.sub.2 in natural water was demonstrated. Reproducibility was confirmed over many cycles, both in a laboratory setting and in the field.

Improvements to gratings for use in waveguides and methods of producing them are described herein. Deep surface relief gratings (SRGs) may offer many advantages over conventional SRGs and Bragg gratings, an important one being a higher S-diffraction efficiency. In one embodiment, deep SRGs can be implemented as polymer surface relief gratings or evacuated Bragg gratings (EBGs). EBGs can be formed by first recording a holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) grating. Removing the liquid crystal from the cured grating provides a polymer surface relief grating. Polymer surface relief gratings have many applications including for use in waveguide-based displays.

Multicore optical fibers with low bend loss, low cross-talk, and large mode field diameters In some embodiments a circular multicore optical fiber includes a glass matrix; at least 3 cores arranged within the glass matrix, wherein any two cores have a core center to core center spacing of less than 29 microns; and a plurality of trench layers positioned between a corresponding core and the glass matrix, each trench layer having an outer radius of less than or equal to 14 microns and a trench volume of greater than 50% Δ micron.sup.2; wherein the optical fiber has a mode field diameter of greater than about 8.2 microns at 1310 nm, and wherein the optical fiber has an outer diameter of less than about 130 microns.

In some implementations, a waveguide may comprise an inner core to receive a first beam and an outer core surrounding the inner core to receive a second beam that is displaced from the first beam by an offset. The outer core may comprise a beam guiding region that rotationally expands over a length of the waveguide into an annulus that concentrically surrounds the inner core or a partial annulus that partially surrounds the inner core. For example, the beam guiding region may be defined by one or more low refractive index features that have a varied orientation and/or a varied shape over the length of the waveguide such that the second beam enters the waveguide as an offset beam and exits from the waveguide as a ring-shaped beam or a partial ring-shaped beam.

A device includes a waveguide, an in-coupling element, and an out-coupling element coupled with the waveguide. The waveguide, the in-coupling element, and the out-coupling element are configured to deliver a plurality of portions of an image light to an eye-box of the device. At least one of the in-coupling element or the out-coupling element includes a polarization selective diffractive element. The polarization selective diffractive element includes a grating including a plurality of microstructures defining a plurality of grooves filled with a passive optically anisotropic material having a first effective refractive index along a groove direction of the grooves and a second effective refractive index along an in-plane direction perpendicular to the groove direction. One of the first effective refractive index or the second effective refractive index substantially matches with a refractive index of the microstructures.

The present disclosure provides an optical fibre (100). The optical fibre (100) includes a glass core region (102). The glass core region (102) has a core relative refractive index profile. The core relative refractive index profile is a super Gaussian profile. In addition, the optical fibre (100) includes a glass cladding region (108) over the glass core region (102). The optical fibre (100) has at least one of a mode field diameter in a range of 8.7 micrometers to 9.7 micrometers at wavelength of 1310 nanometers and an attenuation up to 0.18 dB/km. The optical fibre (100) has at least one of macro-bend loss up to 0.5 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1550 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter. The optical fibre (100) has a macro-bend loss up to 1.0 decibel per turn corresponding to wavelength of 1625 nanometer at bending radius of 7.5 millimeter.