Systems for measuring a concentration of a target species include a first and second tunable diode laser generating laser light at a respective first and second wavelength each corresponding to respective absorption lines of the target species. A first optical fiber is optically coupled to the first tunable diode laser, and does not support a fundamental mode at the second wavelength. A second optical fiber is coupled to the second tunable diode laser and does not support a fundamental mode at the first wavelength. A fiber bundle includes respective distal ends of the first and second optical fibers, which are stripped of their respective coatings and arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other. A pitch head is configured to project respective optical beams from the fiber bundle through a measurement zone. A catch head located across the measurement zone receives the projected beams and directs them to a sensor.

Systems for measuring a concentration of a target species include a first and second tunable diode laser generating laser light at a respective first and second wavelength each corresponding to respective absorption lines of the target species. A first optical fiber is optically coupled to the first tunable diode laser, and does not support a fundamental mode at the second wavelength. A second optical fiber is coupled to the second tunable diode laser and does not support a fundamental mode at the first wavelength. A fiber bundle includes respective distal ends of the first and second optical fibers, which are stripped of their respective coatings and arranged with their claddings adjacent to each other. A pitch head is configured to project respective optical beams from the fiber bundle through a measurement zone. A catch head located across the measurement zone receives the projected beams and directs them to a sensor.

The disclosure relates to diagnostic, surgical, and/or therapeutic devices for being introduced into the human or animal body or for in vitro examination of human or animal blood samples or other body cells, in particular to an endoscope or a disposable endoscope that includes at least one illumination light guide and/or image guide for transmitting electromagnetic radiation, the illumination light guide or image guide having a proximal end face for incoupling or outcoupling of electromagnetic radiation and a distal end face for incoupling or outcoupling of electromagnetic radiation. The proximal and/or distal end faces consist of plastic elements that are transparent at least partially or in sections thereof, the transparent plastic being biocompatible and/or having non-toxic properties to human or animal cell cultures for exposure durations of less than one day. This allows for the production of assemblies for disposable endoscopes, inter alia.

An optical component having an NA conversion function which enables arraying without lowering a product yield, with small size and a simple assembly process. There is provided an optical component using a capillary type lens array in which plural graded index lenses each of which is surrounded with glass capillary in all circumferential directions, in which a refractive index distribution constant of the plurality of graded index lenses at one end of the optical component in an optical axis direction of the graded index lens is smaller than a refractive index distribution constant of the plurality of graded index lenses at other end of the optical component in the optical axis direction of the graded index lens.

Disclosed is an optical fiber lantern, which aims to provide an optical fiber lantern with good integrity, simple structure, strong stability and high aesthetics. The key points of the technical solutions are that the lamp beads are directly powered by a low-voltage power supply or a plug-in power supply, and after the lamp beads emit light, the light is transmitted to a periphery of the petals or the flower core part of the bouquet by optical fiber rods. The low-voltage power supply mode adopted has small use limitation, strong practicability and simple structure, and the present invention is suitable for the technical field of handicraft lanterns.

A method of forming a light transitive composite component. The method comprises inserting at least one light transmitting component 3, an organic substrate 6 and bonding agent 10 into a mould 1. Allowing the bonding agent 10 to mature to bond both the light transmitting component 3 and the organic substrate 6. Treating the contents of the mould with either heat or chemicals to terminate the maturation process of the bonding agent. The organic substrate is preferably a woody substrate while the bonding agent is preferably fungal mycelium.

A method of forming a light transitive composite component. The method comprises inserting at least one light transmitting component 3, an organic substrate 6 and bonding agent 10 into a mould 1. Allowing the bonding agent 10 to mature to bond both the light transmitting component 3 and the organic substrate 6. Treating the contents of the mould with either heat or chemicals to terminate the maturation process of the bonding agent. The organic substrate is preferably a woody substrate while the bonding agent is preferably fungal mycelium.

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy directing systems for directing energy of multiple energy domains. Energy relays and energy waveguides are disclosed for directing energy of multiple energy domains, including electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, and haptic energy. Systems are disclosed for projecting and sensing 4D energy-fields comprising multiple energy domains.

Disclosed are systems and methods for manufacturing energy directing systems for directing energy of multiple energy domains. Energy relays and energy waveguides are disclosed for directing energy of multiple energy domains, including electromagnetic energy, acoustic energy, and haptic energy. Systems are disclosed for projecting and sensing 4D energy-fields comprising multiple energy domains.

The present application concerns an optical device for controlling light, the optical device including: a first waveguide for receiving a light beam from an external light source, at least a second waveguide, an optical coupler for coupling a light beam from the first waveguide to the second waveguide, a beam shaping structure with a light emitting area for emitting a light beam, wherein the second waveguide is configured to guide a light beam coupled from the first waveguide to the beam shaping structure, wherein the beam shaping structure is configured to propagate a light beam received from the second waveguide to the light emitting area such that the beam divergence of a light beam emitted from the light emitting area is lower than the beam divergence of the light beam received from the second waveguide.