Rotatable mirror assemblies and light detection and ranging systems containing rotatable mirror assemblies are described herein. An example rotatable mirror assembly may include (1) a housing having a top end, a bottom end, and a longitudinal axis intersecting the top and bottom ends, and (2) a set of reflective surfaces, where each reflective surface in the set is coupled to the top end of the housing and the bottom end of the housing such that each reflective surface possesses limited freedom of movement with respect to the housing.

A folded camera that includes two light folding elements such as prisms and an independent lens system, located between the two prisms, which includes an aperture stop and a lens stack. The lens system may be moved on one or more axes independently of the prisms to provide autofocus and/or optical image stabilization for the camera. The shapes, materials, and arrangements of the refractive lens elements in the lens stack may be selected to capture high resolution, high quality images while providing a sufficiently long back focal length to accommodate the second prism.

An optical element and a lithographic apparatus including the optical element. The optical element includes a first member having a curved optical surface and a heat transfer surface, and a second member that comprises at least one recess, the at least one recess sealed against the heat transfer surface to form at least one closed channel between the first member and the second member to allow fluid to flow therethrough for thermal conditioning of the curved optical surface. In an embodiment, one or more regions of the heat transfer surface exposed to the at least one closed channel are positioned along a curved profile similar to that of the curved optical surface.

A prism coupling system configured to determine at least one stress characteristic in a chemically strengthened substrate having a surface and a near-surface waveguide has a a light source system that generates measurement light. A coupling prism provides optical coupling of the measurement light into and out of the near-surface waveguide over an optical path that comprises a low-angle region and a high-angle region. A detector system arranged to receive the measurement light from the coupling prism to detect a mode spectrum image. A light-blocking member is operably disposed to at least partially extend into the low-angle region without extending into the high-angle region to increase or optimize the contrast of the mode spectrum image.

Actuators for providing an extended two-degree of freedom rotation range to an optical path folding element (OPFE) such as a prism or mirror in mobile devices such as smartphones, comprising a yaw sub-assembly having a yaw rotation axis, a pitch sub-assembly carrying the OPFE, the pitch sub-assembly including a pivot rotation mechanism and having a pitch rotation axis; and a stationary sub-assembly, wherein the actuator is operative to rotate the OPFE in two rotation directions, a first rotation for yaw around the yaw rotation axis and a second rotation for pitch around the pitch rotation axis, and wherein the rotation for pitch includes rotation using the pivot rotation mechanism.

A rotating steering mirror assembly comprising a first wedge rotatable relative to a base and a second wedge rotatable relative to the first wedge to controllably tilt a mirror on an outward- or forward-facing surface of the second wedge. Respective motors can independently rotate the first and second wedges.

An optical assembly of a projection exposure apparatus for semiconductor lithography comprises an optical element and an actuator for deforming the optical element. The actuator is subjected to a bias voltage by a controller that is present. A projection exposure apparatus for semiconductor lithography comprises an optical assembly. A method for operating an actuator for deforming an optical element for semiconductor lithography comprises subjecting the actuator to a bias voltage by a controller.

An optical setup, comprising one or more platforms having a plurality of fixation locations repeatedly arranged, and defining a discrete position coordinate system; and a plurality of modular optical units, each comprising an optical portion defining an optical axis fixedly attached to at least one mounting surface comprising complementary geometry to the fixation locations; wherein a releasable attachment of the plurality of modular optical units at the fixation locations defines a plurality of optical axes at least a portion of the optical axes overlapping across the discrete position coordinate system In some embodiments, the modular optical units include standard optical elements In some embodiments, the platform includes an attachment interface to an optical table and/or another platform In some embodiments, laser pulses are synchronized by fixing a discrete path length over the fixation locations In some embodiments the fixation locations are located on multiple planes in 3D space.

An optical setup, comprising one or more platforms having a plurality of fixation locations repeatedly arranged, and defining a discrete position coordinate system; and a plurality of modular optical units, each comprising an optical portion defining an optical axis fixedly attached to at least one mounting surface comprising complementary geometry to the fixation locations; wherein a releasable attachment of the plurality of modular optical units at the fixation locations defines a plurality of optical axes at least a portion of the optical axes overlapping across the discrete position coordinate system In some embodiments, the modular optical units include standard optical elements In some embodiments, the platform includes an attachment interface to an optical table and/or another platform In some embodiments, laser pulses are synchronized by fixing a discrete path length over the fixation locations In some embodiments the fixation locations are located on multiple planes in 3D space.

A spherically mounted retroreflector comprising an optic inlay, the optic inlay comprising a retroreflector having a vertex and an axis of symmetry, and a carrier having an at least partly spherical outer surface and a cavity, wherein the optic inlay is arranged in the cavity, and wherein the at least partly spherical outer surface has a sphere center, which sphere center coincides with the vertex, wherein the optic inlay is connected to the carrier. The optic inlay comprises a coupling portion, and the spherically mounted retroreflector comprises a coupling element arranged between the optic inlay and the carrier.