A solid-state imaging device having a first area and a second area surrounding the first area is provided. The solid-state imaging device includes a substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The solid-state imaging device also includes a color filter layer disposed on the substrate. The color filter layer includes a plurality of color filter segments corresponding to the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The solid-state imaging device further includes an optical waveguide layer over the color filter layer. The optical waveguide layer includes a waveguide partition grid, a waveguide material in spaces of the waveguide partition grid, and an anti-reflection film on the waveguide partition grid and the waveguide material. The width of the top of the waveguide partition grid is larger than the width of the bottom of the waveguide partition grid.

A solid-state imaging device having a first area and a second area surrounding the first area is provided. The solid-state imaging device includes a substrate having a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The solid-state imaging device also includes a color filter layer disposed on the substrate. The color filter layer includes a plurality of color filter segments corresponding to the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements. The solid-state imaging device further includes an optical waveguide layer over the color filter layer. The optical waveguide layer includes a waveguide partition grid, a waveguide material in spaces of the waveguide partition grid, and an anti-reflection film on the waveguide partition grid and the waveguide material. The width of the top of the waveguide partition grid is larger than the width of the bottom of the waveguide partition grid.

A fast-focusing zoom camera module with precise and high-speed autofocus function includes a reflecting assembly, a lens assembly, and a light sensing assembly, the lens assembly is arranged between the reflecting assembly and the light sensing assembly. The reflecting assembly comprises a reflecting member and a first actuator, the first actuator driving the reflecting member to rotate around a second direction. The lens assembly comprises a lens member and a second actuator, the second actuator drives the lens member to move along a first direction. The light sensing assembly comprises a first circuit board, a sensor, and a third actuator, the sensor is electrically connected to the first circuit board, the third actuator drives the sensor to move along a third direction. The first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other.

A method for operating an electronic device, which is easy on eyes, is provided. The electronic device includes a display device including a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device, and a lens. The method includes a step of displaying an image for focus adjustment of a user's eye; a step of detecting a spot diameter of first light reflected by the user's eye; a step of moving the lens and detecting a spot diameter of second light reflected by the user's eye; a step of determining whether the spot diameter of the second light is smaller than the spot diameter of the first light; a step of further moving the lens and detecting a spot diameter of the third light reflected by the user's eye in the case where the spot diameter of the second light is smaller than the spot diameter of the first light; a step of determining whether the spot diameter of the third light is smaller than the spot diameter of the second light; and a step of moving the lens to a position at which the spot diameter of the first light has been detected, in the case where the spot diameter of the second light is larger than the spot diameter of the first light.

A method for operating an electronic device, which is easy on eyes, is provided. The electronic device includes a display device including a light-emitting device and a light-receiving device, and a lens. The method includes a step of displaying an image for focus adjustment of a user's eye; a step of detecting a spot diameter of first light reflected by the user's eye; a step of moving the lens and detecting a spot diameter of second light reflected by the user's eye; a step of determining whether the spot diameter of the second light is smaller than the spot diameter of the first light; a step of further moving the lens and detecting a spot diameter of the third light reflected by the user's eye in the case where the spot diameter of the second light is smaller than the spot diameter of the first light; a step of determining whether the spot diameter of the third light is smaller than the spot diameter of the second light; and a step of moving the lens to a position at which the spot diameter of the first light has been detected, in the case where the spot diameter of the second light is larger than the spot diameter of the first light.

The present specification describes a method for determining the distance of an object from the tip of an endoscope during an endoscopic procedure, wherein at least one lens is configured to converge light from outside the tip onto a sensor that includes a plurality of photodiodes a portion of which are adjacent pairs of photodiodes configured to be phase detection pixels. The method includes receiving light into each adjacent pair of photodiodes, wherein said light is reflected off a surface of said object; determining a first response curve to said light for a first photodiode of said adjacent pair of photodiodes and a second response curve to said light for a second photodiode of said adjacent pair of photodiodes; identifying an intersection between the first response curve and the second response curve; and using data derived from said intersection to determine said distance to the object.

The present specification describes a method for determining the distance of an object from the tip of an endoscope during an endoscopic procedure, wherein at least one lens is configured to converge light from outside the tip onto a sensor that includes a plurality of photodiodes a portion of which are adjacent pairs of photodiodes configured to be phase detection pixels. The method includes receiving light into each adjacent pair of photodiodes, wherein said light is reflected off a surface of said object; determining a first response curve to said light for a first photodiode of said adjacent pair of photodiodes and a second response curve to said light for a second photodiode of said adjacent pair of photodiodes; identifying an intersection between the first response curve and the second response curve; and using data derived from said intersection to determine said distance to the object.

A projection apparatus includes a display element that displays an image, a projection optical system that forms a projection image by projecting the image, an imaging unit that includes an imaging optical system which images a first region including an optical axis of the projection optical system in the projection image, and an imaging element which captures an image formed by the imaging optical system, and a processor that controls focus adjustment on a second region not including the optical axis in the projection image based on information acquired from the imaging unit, in which a position of the projection image is changeable by changing a relative position between at least a part of the projection optical system and the display element, and a predetermined conditional expression is satisfied.

Various embodiments disclosed herein include techniques for maintaining multiple cameras in focus on same objects and/or at same distances. In some examples, a subordinate camera may be configured to focus based on the focus of a primary camera. For instance, a focus relationship between the primary camera and the subordinate camera may be determined. The focus relationship may characterize the trajectory of the lens position of the subordinate camera with respect to the lens position of the primary camera. In various examples, the focus relationship may be updated.

A plastic lens barrel includes an object-side portion, an image-side portion and a tube-shaped portion. The object-side portion is located close to an object side of the plastic lens barrel. The object-side portion includes an object-side opening and an object-side annular surface. The object-side annular surface surrounds the object-side opening and faces toward the object side. The image-side portion is located close to an image side of the plastic lens barrel and includes an image-side opening. The tube-shaped portion surrounds an optical axis. The tube-shaped portion is connected between the object-side portion and the image-side portion, and configured to define an inner space. The object-side annular surface includes a groove structure area. The groove structure area includes a plurality of groove structures. The groove structures are disposed in at least one of an arranging manner and an extending manner along a sagittal direction away from the optical axis.