An imaging optical lens assembly includes an aperture stop and a plurality of lens elements. The aperture stop has a fixed elliptical shape, and the aperture stop has a major axis and a minor axis.

A pair of electronic eyeglasses includes an eyeglasses frame and an eyeglasses lens mounted within the eyeglasses frame. At least one femtoprojector is embedded within the eyeglasses lens. The femtoprojector includes an image source and an optical system that projects an image from the image source onto the retina of the wearer. The femtoprojector is small enough that is does not significantly interfere with the wearer's view through the eyeglasses lens.

A pair of electronic eyeglasses includes an eyeglasses frame and an eyeglasses lens mounted within the eyeglasses frame. At least one femtoprojector is embedded within the eyeglasses lens. The femtoprojector includes an image source and an optical system that projects an image from the image source onto the retina of the wearer. The femtoprojector is small enough that is does not significantly interfere with the wearer's view through the eyeglasses lens.

There is provided an imaging device manufacturing apparatus, a method for manufacturing an imaging device, and an imaging device that are designed to be capable of increasing the quality of an image to be reconstructed by a lensless camera. The lensless camera includes a mask that has a plurality of lenses that transmit and condense incident light in part of a light shielding material, and modulates and transmits the incident light; an imaging element that images the incident light modulated by the mask as a pixel signal; and a signal processing unit that reconstructs the pixel signal as a final image by signal processing, the optical axis directions of the lenses to be disposed in the mask are adjusted so that only the incident light having passed through the mask is condensed and enters the imaging element. The present disclosure can be applied to lensless cameras.

A lens structure formed by materials in different refractive indexes includes a sphere, a first lens and a separation layer which is disposed between the sphere and the first lens. The sphere and the first lens have a different refractive index and the sphere is a round ball. The first lens is formed on the sphere that part of the sphere is exposed out of the first lens, and the first lens includes a first light absorption curve. The separation layer includes a transparent section opposite to the first light absorption curve. When a light beam passes through the second portion of the sphere to form a first light condensing effect and enter the sphere, the light beam will then pass through the transparent section to enter the first lens, forming a second light condensing effect after passing through the first light absorption curve.

A lens structure formed by materials in different refractive indexes includes a transparent sphere in a first refractive index as well as a transparent second lens in a second refractive index. The first refractive index is different from the second refractive index, and the sphere is a round ball formed by a first portion and a second portion which are equipped with a first light condensing effect. The first lens is formed on the first portion of the sphere, the second portion of the sphere is exposed out of the first lens, and the first lens is provided with a first light absorption curve opposite to the first portion of the sphere, so that a light beam can pass through the second portion of the sphere to form the first light condensing effect, and then pass through the first light absorption curve to form a second light condensing effect.

A lens structure formed by materials in different refractive indexes includes a sphere which is a round ball formed by a first portion and a second portion, a first lens which is formed on the first portion, a separation layer which is disposed between the sphere and the first lens, a second lens which is formed on the second portion, and a third lens which is formed on the second lens and opposite to the sphere. The first lens, the second lens and the third lens are formed respectively by a material in different refractive index and are provided respectively with a light absorption curve in different curvature, so that a light beam can pass through these light absorption curves to form plural times of light condensing effect.

An imaging optical system according to the present disclosure includes: a lens; and an optical member, in which the optical member is configured such that a light transmittance value at least in a peripheral portion is larger than a light transmittance value in a central portion. Furthermore, a camera module according to the present disclosure includes the imaging optical system of the present disclosure. Furthermore, an electronic device according to the present disclosure includes a solid-state imaging element and the imaging optical system of the present disclosure.

A programmable photonic integrated circuit implements arbitrary linear optics transformations in the spatial mode basis with high fidelity. Under a realistic fabrication model, we analyze programmed implementations of the CNOT gate, CPHASE gate, iterative phase estimation algorithm, state preparation, and quantum random walks. We find that programmability dramatically improves device tolerance to fabrication imperfections and enables a single device to implement a broad range of both quantum and classical linear optics experiments. Our results suggest that existing fabrication processes are sufficient to build such a device in the silicon photonics platform.

A camera includes an image pickup device configured to receive a light flux passing through a photographing lens and to convert the light flux into an electric signal, a display device configured to perform a live-view display on the basis of the electric signal output from the image pickup device, an aperture driving actuator configured to adjust a light amount passing through the photographing lens, and a controller configured to control a stop timing of the live-view display performed before an exposure at the time of a still-image photography on the display device in accordance with an operation condition of the aperture driving actuator at the time of the still-image photography.