A removable camera lens attachment has at least two optical elements, wherein the at least two optical elements are aligned to share an optical axis with a prime lens of the camera. The lens attachment has at least two curved surfaces. The at least two optical elements have a first surface that is conditioned to reflect a first portion of the incident light away from the image plane as reflected stray light and a second surface that is conditioned to reflect a second portion of the reflected stray light back toward the image plane to form a ghost image on an image plane of the prime lens. The lens attachment alters the effective focal length of the prime lens by no more than 15%.

An optical system includes a first focusing unit and a second focusing unit that move in different loci during focusing. In a first arrangement state, the first focusing unit and the second focusing unit are so arranged to generate a first aberration while maintaining an in-focus state at a predetermined object distance, and in a second arrangement state, the first focusing unit and the second focusing unit are so arranged to generate a second aberration different from the first aberration while maintaining the in-focus state at the predetermined object distance.

An optical system includes an aperture diaphragm, a first optical element disposed on a light incident side of the aperture diaphragm, and a second optical element disposed on a light emission side of the aperture diaphragm. Transmittance distribution of the first optical element satisfies a predetermined conditional expression. Transmittance distribution of the second optical element satisfies a predetermined conditional expression.

An optical system includes an aperture diaphragm, a first optical element disposed on a light incident side of the aperture diaphragm, and a second optical element disposed on a light emission side of the aperture diaphragm. Transmittance distribution of the first optical element satisfies a predetermined conditional expression. Transmittance distribution of the second optical element satisfies a predetermined conditional expression.

A system and method for obtaining, by an electronic device, a first set of image data recorded during an image capture event and a second set of image data recorded during an image capture event. During the image capture event, a characteristic of an image capture device is changed from a first state to a second state. The first and second sets of image data are recorded by an image capture device having one or more image recording components with one or more image sensor arrays. An image is generated based at least in part on the first and second sets of image data.

An attachment optical system detachably attached to an image capturing optical system, includes a first lens provided with a first aspherical surface including a plurality of concave portions and convex portions that are formed in a rotation direction with respect to an optical system, and a second lens provided with a second aspherical surface including a plurality of concave portions and convex portions that are formed in a rotation direction with respect to the optical axis, and a distance between the first aspherical surface and the second aspherical surface in an optical axis direction changes by relatively rotating the first lens and the second lens around the optical axis.

An attachment optical system detachably attached to an image capturing optical system, includes a first lens provided with a first aspherical surface including a plurality of concave portions and convex portions that are formed in a rotation direction with respect to an optical system, and a second lens provided with a second aspherical surface including a plurality of concave portions and convex portions that are formed in a rotation direction with respect to the optical axis, and a distance between the first aspherical surface and the second aspherical surface in an optical axis direction changes by relatively rotating the first lens and the second lens around the optical axis.

A light diffusion reflecting plate having a high degree of whiteness and excellent light diffusion properties and antiglare properties includes a substrate having thereon at least a ground coat layer and a top coat layer in contact with this ground coat layer. The ground coat layer is a white coating film layer. The top coat layer contains a white pigment from 2 to 15% by mass and two kinds of spherical particles, i.e., (A) a spherical particle having an average particle size of from 5 to 30 m and (B) a spherical particle having an average particle size of from 15 to 45 m, each of which is contained in an amount of from 5 to 17% by mass. A difference in the average particle size between the spherical particle (A) and the spherical particle (B) is 10 m or more.

A screen is provided with microcapsules and a base material. The microcapsules each contain encapsulated liquid inside a capsule membrane. The microcapsules are planarly arranged on the base material. The encapsulated liquid includes light diffusion particles for scattering light, and a dispersion medium for dispersing the light diffusion particles. In a cross sectional area of the microcapsule projected in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base material on which the microcapsules are planarly arranged, the ratio of the area of the encapsulated region to the area of the microcapsule ranges from 0.9025 to 0.990.

This transparent layered element (1) has two smooth outer main surfaces (2A, 4A) and comprises: two outer layers (2, 4), which each form one of the two outer main surfaces (2A, 4A) of the element (1) and which are constituted of dielectric materials having substantially the same refractive index (n2, n4), and a central layer (3) inserted between the two outer layers, this central layer (3) being formed either by a single layer which is a dielectric layer having a refractive index different from that of the outer layers or a metal layer, or by a stack of layers which comprises at least one dielectric layer having a refractive index different from that of the outer layers or a metal layer. Each contact surface (S.sub.0, S.sub.1) between two adjacent layers of the element (1), which are one a dielectric layer and the other a metal layer, or which are two dielectric layers having different refractive indices, is textured and parallel to the other textured contact surfaces.